Glasses reference materials

Pearce NJG, Perkins WT, Westgatb JA, Gorton MP, Jackson SE, Neal CR, Chenery SP (1997) A compilation of new and pubUshed major and trace element data for NIST SRM 610 and SRM 612 partially certified glass reference materials. Geostds Newslett The Journal of Geostandards and Geoanalysis 21 115-144. 

Fractionation is matrix-dependent, so standardization of biogenic material to, for example, a glass reference material (such as NIST 612) may not be appropriate (Fig. 15). 

Fig. 15 Mg/Ca ratio of a calcite grain measured by LA-ICP-MS. Data are shown standardized both to a pressed calcite pellet (Hathorne et al. 2003) (circles) and to the certified NIST 612 glass reference material (Pearce 1997) (squares). Error bars show the standard deviation (Itr) of c. 70 x 0.9 s integrations. The shaded horizontal bar represents encompasses the mean and standard deviation (Itr n = 18) of the Mg/Ca ratio obtained by solution ICP-MS analysis of the same sample. Note that there is a systematic offset between the solution ICP-MS data and the LA-ICP-MS data standardized to NIST 612 this is presumably related to matrix-induced fraction. Data are from Hathorne et al. (2008).

Examples of applications of X-ray spectrometric analytical techniques to elemental determinations in a variety of materials are presented in Table 2.12. Some recent applications papers may be mentioned. Total reflection XRF has been applied by Xie et al. (1998) to the multielement analysis of Chinese tea (Camellia sinensis), and by Pet-tersson and Olsson (1998) to the trace element analysis of milligram amounts of plankton and periphyton. The review by Morita etal. (1998) on the determination of mercury species in environmental and biological samples includes XRF methods. Alvarez et al. (2000) determined heavy metals in rainwaters by APDC precipitation and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Other papers report on the trace element content of colostrum milk in Brazil by XRF (da Costa etal. 2002) and on the micro-heterogeneity study of trace elements in uses, MPI-DING and NIST glass reference materials by means of synchrotron micro-XRF (Kempenaers etal. 2003). 

Kempenaers L, Janssens K, Jochum KP, Vincze L, Vekemans B, Somogyi A, Drakopoulus M and Adams F (2003) Micro-heterogeneity study of trace elements in USGS, MPI-DING and NIST glass reference materials by means of synchrotron micro-XRF. ] Anal Atom Spectrom 18 350-357. 

Figure 3.7 Osteoblast adhesion on titania of various grain sizes. Rat calvarial osteoblasts (3500 cell/cm ) in Dulbecco s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), containing 10% fetal bovine serum, were allowed to adhere on the surfaces of various grain size titania and borosilicate glass (reference material) under standard cell culture conditions (37 °C, humidified, 5% COj/95% air environment) for4h. Values are mean SEM n=3 p<0.01 (compared to reference glass).

Figure 4.3a illustrates the signal intensity proflle of In, obtained upon laser ablation of NIST SRM 610 glass reference material with a laser repetition rate of 2 Hz. The resulting In signal intensity is clearly oscillating at a +25% level... 

Orihashi, Y., Nakai, S., and Hirata, T. (2008) U-Pb age determination for seven standard zircons using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry coupled with frequency quintupled Nd-YAG (k = 213 nm) laser ablation system comparison with LA-ICP-MS zircon analyses with a NIST glass reference material. Res. Geol, 58, 101-123. 

SRM 612 glass reference materials. Geostand. Newsl J. Geostand. Geoanal., 21 (1), 115-144. 

Lahaye,Y, Lambert, D., and Walters, S. (1997). Ultraviolet laser sampling and high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry of NIST and BCR-2G glass reference materials. Ceostand. Newsl. 21(2), 205. 

Rocholl, A. B. E., Simon, K., Jochum, K. R, Bruhn, E, Gehann, R., Kramar, U., Luecke, W., Molzahn, M., Pernicka, E., Seufert, M., Spettel, B., and Stummeier,J. (1997). Chemical characterisation of NIST silicate glass reference material SRM 610 by ICP-MS,TIMS, LIMS, SSMS, INAA, AAS and PIXE. Geostand. Newsl. 21(1), 101. 

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