Micro-heterogeneous

Based on the extensive work, Ghosh and De have concluded that fluoroelastomer and silicone mbber form technologically compatible blends of micro-heterogeneous stmcture with thermal stability between those for the blend components. The blend could be used as a replacement for fluorosilicone mbber. 

Kurfurst U, Pauwels J, Grobecker KH, Stoeppler M, Muntau M (1993) Micro-heterogeneity of trace elements in reference materials - determination and statistical evaluation. Fresenius J Anal Chem 345 112-120. 

Edge, R., Land, E.J., McGarvey, D.J., Burke, M., and Truscott, T.G. 2000. The reduction potential of the 3-carotene +/ 3-carotene couple in an aqueous micro heterogeneous environment. FEBS Lett. 471 125-7. Edge, R., El-Agamey, A., Land E.J., Navaratnam, S.,and Truscott, T.G. 2007. Studies of carotenoid one-electron reduction radicals. Arch. Biochem. Biopys. 458 104—110. 

Edge, R, Land, EJ, McGarvey, DJ, Burke, M, and Truscott, TG, 2000a. The reduction potential of the beta-carotene+ /beta-carotene couple in an aqueous micro-heterogeneous environment. FEBS Lett 471, 125-127. 

Lochmuller, C.H., Marshall, D.B., and Harris, J.M., Room temperature, excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence at surfaces a potential method for studying the micro heterogeneity of surface environments. Anal Chim. Acta, 131, 263, 1981. 

X-ray diffractograms (Fig. 4) and petrographic analyses (scanning electron microscopy also used for estimating the surface roughness and micro-heterogeneity of samples) indicate the presence of diverse silicates and oxides on the surface and in the bulk of the vitrocrystalline samples. In addition to the nearly ubiquitous quartz, other minerals were found in several samples gehlenite, albite, diopside, portlandite, pyroxenes... 

However, this begs the question of why other investigators have not detected phase separation over a wide range of borosilicate compositions. The answer seems to be that the very fine scale of phase separation typically complicates detection efforts. Typical micro-heterogeneity of the glass is on the order of 10 to 500 A (Konijnendijk Stevels 1976 Porai-Koshits et al. 1982), which means that many modem techniques... 

The most important structural features of these SPUs are the microphase-separated (or microdomain) structures which are formed in their molecular assembly systems. In 1972, Lyman [5] suggested that the antithrombogenic property of his PEUU may be brought about by its microarchitectural effect. In the same year (1972), Imai and Masuhara [6,7] reported that micro-heterogeneous surface structure was responsible for its antithrombogenicity. 

Numerous experimental and theoretical studies of problems in this field have appeared and these have been reviewed under the title Metal Com-plexing by Polyphosphates by van Wazer (342). The phenomena which have been mentioned may be considered in general as due to complex formation. However, a simple qualitative and quantitative description of the facts may also be obtained if solutions of high-molecular polyphosphates arc considered as micro-heterogeneous systems and if the bonding of polyvalent ions is interpreted as involving ion exchange phenomena on the polyphosphate chains (77, 313, 319, 324). 

Terms such as micro heterogeneous, anisotropic, and nonhomogeneous media used to describe a number of organized media derive from the unique features described above (multiple sites) they exhibit. 

M. Gratzel and K. Kalyanasundaram, Kinetics and Catalysis in Micro-heterogeneous Systems. Surfactant Series, Dekker, New York, 1991, Vol. 38. 

Because the thin section specimens are not contaminated with adhesives or embedding materials, and because the samples are readily accessible on the stage of the IR microscope, this technique is well suited for in situ" treatments of the coal. Alternatively, since the 15 micrometer thick specimens of coal can ordinarily be handled and transported without damage (if proper care is taken), an untreated sample can be initially analyzed, then it can be removed from the instrument for chemical or thermal treatment, and finally, the same specimen can be returned to the microspectrometer for determination of the changes in the IR spectrun. The analysis of the same specimen before and after treatment is highly desirable for micro-heterogeneous substances such as coals. 

In spite of the presence of Nd-clusters, partial alkylation and micro heterogeneities the number of active Nd-species seems to be fairly constant during the course of a polymerization. Otherwise neither consistent polymerization kinetics (particularly lst-order monomer consumption up to high monomer conversion) nor linear increases of molar mass during the whole course of the polymerization would be observed in so many studies. It therefore can be concluded that the fraction of active Nd as well as the number of active catalyst species are fixed either at an early stage of the polymerization or even prior to initiation of the polymerization. It can be speculated whether the fixation of the number of active species occurs during catalyst prefor-mation/activation or even during the preparation of the Nd compound. In contrast to this consideration Jun et al. report on the decay of active cen-... 

There is evidence that heterogeneous or micro-heterogeneous Nd systems lead to higher levels of gel than homogeneous systems. Most certainly, there are other factors which contribute to gel formation. In this context it has to be clarified which factors trigger gel formation and what is the quantitative contribution of catalyst heterogeneity. 

In works [46-48] by method of EPR-tomography thermo- and photo-oxidation of poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene)styrene (ABS) copolymer were studied. This polymer is structurally and dynamically micro-heterogeneous, i.e. there are regions with high content of polybutadiene and regions with high content of polystyrene or polyacrylonitrile. In polymer... 

Artificial Photosynthesis Water Cleavage into Hydrogen and Oxygen by Visible Light Review deals mostly with micro-heterogeneous (particulate) systems for water splitting. 30... 

Murugadoss, A. and Chattopadhyay, A. 2008. A green chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite as a heterogeneous as well as micro-heterogeneous catalyst Nanotechnology, 19 9. 

Edge R, Land EJ, McGarvey J, Burke M, Truscott TG. (2000) The reduction potentials of j8-carotene" /j8-carotene couple in an aqueous micro-heterogeneous environment. FEBS Letters 471 125-127. 

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