Cell probe

Romstad, A., Gasser, R.B., Monti, J.R., Polderman, A.M., Nansen, P., Pit, D.S. and Chilton, N.B. (1997a) Differentiation of Oesophagostomum bifurcumirom Necator americanus by PCR using genetic markers in spacer ribosomal DNA. Molecular Cell Probes 11, 169-176. 

EL Durigon, DD Erdman, BC Anderson, BP Holloway, LJ Anderson. Mol Cell Probes 8 199-204, 1994. 

In order to use the pH electrode described above, two half-cells (probes) are needed—the pH electrode itself and a reference electrode, either the SCE or the silver-silver chloride electrode—and two connections are made to the pH meter. An alternative is combination pH electrode. This electrode incorporates both the reference probe and pH probe into a single probe and is usually made of epoxy plastic. It is by far the most popular electrode today for measuring pH. The reference portion is a silver-silver chloride reference. A drawing and a photograph of the combination pH electrode is given in Figure 14.7. 

Planitzer SA, Machl AW, Schindler D, Kubbies M. 1998. Small deletions in the regulatory 3 UTR of the human alpha-tropomyosin gene identified by differential display. Mol Cell Probes 12(1) 35. 

Gilligan, K., Shipley, M., Stiles, B., Hadfield, T.L. and Sofi Ibrahim M., Identification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A and B genes by PCR-ELISA, Mol. Cell Probes, 14, 71-78, 2000. 

For systems without an SPE unit (or other post-LC column sample concentrating device) the quality of the NMR data will depend on the volume of the chromatographic peak, volume of the NMR flow cell, probe sensitivity and the use of chromatography solvents that can be suppressed. For the analysis of impurities at <1% the overloading required to attempt to obtain sufficient analyte in the active volume tends to broaden peaks significantly. Indeed, many... 

Some controversy surrounds the usage of the term in situ. Some researchers even go so far as to suggest that unless a reactor and spectroscopic cell/probe are one and the same unit, the measurement cannot be in situ. The results of Section 4.3.1 suggest otherwise. If the fluid elements in the cell are compositionally similar to the fluid elements in the CSTR and are at similar temperature and pressure, then they are indistinguishable. The measurements are in situ. With proper care regarding transport effects, and reaction considerations, an experimental apparatus with a configuration like Figure 4.1 provides in situ spectroscopic capability for dark reactions. 

Chevrier, D., Rasmussen, S. R., and Gues-Jon, J. L. (1993). PCR product quantification by non radioactive hybridization procedures using an oligonucleotide covalently bount to microwells. Mol. Cell. Probes 7,187-197. 

Cruz-Perez, P., Buttner, M. P., and Stetzenbach, L. D. (2001). Specific detection of Stachybotrys chartarum in pure cultures using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Cell. Probes 15,129-138. 

Haugland, R. A., and Heckman, J. L. (1998). Identification of putative sequence specific PCR primers for detection of the toxigenic fungal species Stachybotrys chartarum. Mol. Cell. Probes 12, 387- 96. 

Mansfield, E. S. Worley, J. M. McKenzie, S. E. Surrey, S. Rappaport, E. Fortina, P. Nucleic acid detection using non-radioactive labelling methods. Mol. Cell. Probes 1995, 5(3), 145-156. 

COj/Oj in the Off-Gas CO2 evolution from a bioreactor is closely related to the physiological state and the activity of microorganisms in a bioreactor because CO, evolves as a result of catabolism and respiration by microorganisms or cells. Therefore, it is helpful to measure the content of CO2/O2 in the exhaust gas in order to understand the physiological climate of a bioreactor. The CO2 and O2 content in the exhaust gas are taken from the streamline and analyzed by infrared spectrophotometer (CO2) and galvanic cell probe (O,). The wet off-gas must be desiccated before being introduced into the gas analyzer. 

T. Alefantis, P. Grewal, J. Ashton, A.S. khan, J.J. Valdes and V.G. Del Vecchio, A rapid and sensitive magnetic bead-based immunoassay for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B for high-through put screening, Mol. Cell. Probes, 18 (2004) 379-382. 

M. Aitichou, R. Henkens, A.M. Sultana, R.G. Ulrich and M.S. Ibrahim, Detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A and B genes with PCR-EIA and a hand-held electrochemical sensor, Mol. Cell. Probes, 18 (2004) 373-377. 

Shifman S, Pisante-Shalom A, Yakir B, Darvasi A. Quantitative technologies for allele frequency estimation of SNPs in DNA pools. Mol Cell Probes 2002 16 429-434. 

Dowd JE, Jubb A, Kwok KE, Piret JM (2003), Optimization and control of perfusion cultures using a viable cell probe and cell specific perfusion rates, Cytotechnology 42 35-45. 

It has been demonstrated on a number of polysiloxanes that recycled-flow NMR is superior to the use of relaxation reagents403. It levels spin-lattice relaxation, minimizes NOE, shortens the experiment time by a factor of 3-5 and gives spectra with improved resolution. However, as the flow method requires some additional equipment, it is unlikely to be used for isolated cases when quantitative 29 Si NMR is needed. On the other hand, when such spectra are run often, it is certainly worth consideration, especially when flow cells (probes) for LC NMR are available. 

Head SR, Parikh K, Rogers YH, Bishai W, Goelet P, Boyce-Jacino MT (1999) Mol Cell Probes 13 81... 

Fuhrman, J. A., and Ouverney, C. C. (1998). Marine microbial diversity studied via 16S rRNA sequences Cloning results from coastal waters and counting of native Archaea with fluorescent single cell probes. Aquat. Ecol. 32, 3—15. 

Fransen,K Zhong, P., De Beenhouwer, H Carpels, G Peeters, M., Louwagie, J., Janssens, W., Piot, P., and van der Groen, G. (1995) Design and evaluation of new, highly sensitive and specific primers for polymerase chain reaction detection of HIV-1 infected primary lymphocytes. Mol. Cell. Probes 9, 373. 

Subject the suspension is to high intensity sonication using a vibra cell Probe sonicator (Sonics and Materials, UK), or other. 

French DJ, Archard CL, Andersen MT, McDoweU DG. Ultra-rapid DNA analysis using HyBeacon probes and direct PCR amplification from saliva. Mol Cell Probes 2002 16 319-26. 

Gadzicki D, Miiller-Vahl K, Stuhrmann M (1999) A frequent polymorphism in the coding exon of the human cannabinoid receptor (CNR1) gene. Mol Cell Probes 13 321-323... 

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