Diluents lactose

Fillers/diluents Lactose, sucrose, glucose, microcrystalline cellulose... 

In reality, no single excipient would satisfy all the criteria therefore, a compromise of the different requirements has to be made. For example, although widely used in pharmaceutical tablet and capsule formulations as a diluent, lactose may not be suitable for patients who lack the intestinal enzyme lactase to break down the sugar, thus leading to the gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as cramps and diarrhea. The role of excipients varies substantially depending on the individual dosage form. 

Experimental designs to establish the effect of the composition of a mixture on its properties differ from other designs in that the initial parameters are not usually independent of one another. The properties of a mixture of three diluents, lactose, calcium phosphate and microcrystalline cellulose, for example, may be defined in terms of the percentage of each component. If we know the concentration of the first two components we can automatically find the concentration of the third. This non-independence of the variables means that designs of the type outlined above are unsuitable for many problems involving mixtures. However the classical designs may be used in two circumstances - for the choice of excipients, where the factors are purely qualitative, and also in problems where the proportions of all but one of the excipients are constrained to be relatively small. 

Diluent lactose microcrystalline cellulose (M.C.C.) corn starch calcium phosphate dihydrate mannitol (see experimental design, table 9.10) 91%... 

Summaries of the properties of the various designs are given in table A2.6. The standard deviations and variance functions apply to the coefficients in the reference state model - that is, the effect of changing the level of a variable from the selected reference state (e.g. diluent = lactose) to another level (e.g. diluent = cellulose). They are defined in terms of the standard deviation for a single experiment, a. 

Uses of lactose production by appHcation include baby and infant formulations (30%), human food (30%), pharmaceuticals (25%), and fermentation and animal feed (15%) (39). It is used as a diluent in tablets and capsules to correct the balance between carbohydrate and proteins in cow-milk-based breast milk replacers, and to increase osmotic property or viscosity without adding excessive sweetness. It has also been used as a carrier for flavorings. 

Determine the capsule size by using the rule of six. If the amount of powder is less than the required amount to fill the capsules whose size has been determined, add suitable amount of diluent, preferably lactose, to make up the volume. As a confirmation of the size, fill one or two capsules and determine the appropriateness. If the capsule size is correct punch out the remaining capsules after forming a cake on a powder paper or an ointment tile. 

Since 60 mg of the drug is not weighable on a Class A prescription balance, aliquot method has to be followed. Lactose is used as a diluent. The drug and lactose together weigh 120 mg and are therefore weighable. 

Excipients are sub-divided into various functional classifications, depending on the role that they are intended to play in the resultant formulation, for example, fillers, disintegrants, binders, lubricants and glidants. An added complexity is the fact that certain excipients can have different functional roles in different formulation types. Thus, lactose is widely used as a filler or diluent in solid oral dosage forms, for example, tablets and capsules [2] and as a carrier for inhalation products [3]. 

Diluent Bulking agent to adjust tablet Lactose, crystalline cellulose, dicalcium... 

Native starches are used as disintegrants, diluents, and wet binders. However, their poor flow and high lubricant sensitivity make them less favorable in direct compression. Different chemical, mechanical, and physical modifications of native starches have been used to improve both their direct compression and controlled-release properties (Sanghvi, 1993 van Aerde and Remon, 1988). Schinzinger and Schmidt (2005) used potato starch as an excipient and compared its granulating behavior with a-lactose-monohydrate and di-calcium phosphate anhydrous in a laboratory fluidized bed granulator using statistical methods. 

Lactose has a sweetish taste, and is used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry. It is the second most widely used compound and is employed as a diluent, filler or binder in tablets, capsules and other oral product forms, a-lactose is used for the production of lactitol, which is present in diabetic products, low calorie sweeteners and slimming products. As lactose is only 30 per cent as sweet as sugar it is used as a sugar supplement, and also in food and confectionery. It is used in infant milk formulas. 

MCC, lactose, calcium phosphate dibasic, and mannitol were selected as common tableting diluents and were evaluated as received from their vendors. These materials are summarized in Table 2. Each material is available from several vendors with multiple grades. Three grades within each excipient were selected for their diverse range of physical and mechanical properties (3). These materials typically comprise 5% to 70% of a formulation. The samples were stored at environmentally controlled laboratory conditions of 20 2°C and 40% 10% relative humidity. 

Lactose has several applications in food products (Table 2.6), the most important of which is probably in the manufacture of humanized infant formulae. It is used also as a diluent for the tableting of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry (which requires high-quality, expensive lactose) and as the base for plastics. 

Lactose - [CARBOHYDRATES] (Vol 4) - [COLORANTS FORFOOD, DRUGS, COSMETICS AND MEDICALDEVICES] (Vol 6) - [FERMENTATION] (Vol 10) -with chlorates [CHLORINE OXYGEN ACIDS AND SALTS - CHLORIC ACID AND CHLORATES] (Vol 5) -in fruit juices [FRUITJUICES] (Vol 11) -in milk [MILKANDMILKPRODUCTS] (Vol 16) -pharmaceutical diluents [PHARMACEUTICALS] (Vol 18) -in whey pAIRY SUBSTITUTES] (Vol 7)... 

Alginic acid Suspending agent Lactose Diluent and filler... 

The comparison of heroin exhibits has also been used successfully in court in helping to establish a conspiracy. Comparative analyses were conducted on five exhibits from two different cases. The preliminary examination revealed that the excipients and diluents in each case were sucrose, quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, com starch, and lactose monohydrate. 

Diluents. In general, diluents make up most of the dosage form. The selection of diluents is very important, especially for low-dose formulations, since they may make up 85-95% of the granulation. These diluents may be soluble or insoluble. The most commonly used soluble fillers include lactose, mannitol and sucrose. Commonly used insoluble fillers include microcrystalline cellulose, starch, calcium sulfate, and dibasic calcium phosphate. 

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