Milk, infant

Isofiavones have also been found in mothers milk following consumption of roasted soyabeans or if eating a traditional Chinese diet. The possibility that feeding of soy-based infant milk could be harmful has been noted by Turner and... 

There have also been reports [36, 37] that racemization of amino acids occurs more rapidly using MW heating than conventional heating at the same temperature. Chen et al. [36] observed that racemization of amino acids in acetic acid the presence of benzaldehyde was accelerated by MW heating. Lubec et al. [37] reported that some D-proline and ris-4-hydroxy-D-proline were found in samples of infant milk formula when they were heated in a MW oven. On the other hand, conventionally heated samples did not contain these unnatural D-amino acids. This report caused concern, and received media attention because D-proline is neurotoxic and suggested that MW heating of some foods could have deleterious effects on their nutritional value and the health of the consumer. 

Determination of vitamin A and E in infant milk-based formulae Determination of carotenoids in pumpkins... 

Determination of biotin in cereals, multivitamin tablet, fruit juice, infant milk, yogurt, meat, and vegetables... 

Lactose has a sweetish taste, and is used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry. It is the second most widely used compound and is employed as a diluent, filler or binder in tablets, capsules and other oral product forms, a-lactose is used for the production of lactitol, which is present in diabetic products, low calorie sweeteners and slimming products. As lactose is only 30 per cent as sweet as sugar it is used as a sugar supplement, and also in food and confectionery. It is used in infant milk formulas. 

The fat globules of milk reduce the conductivity by occupying volume and by impeding the mobility of ions. Thus the conductivity of whole milk is less than that of skim milk by about 10%, and that of cream varies with the fat content (Gerber 1927 Muller 1931 Prentice 1962). Homogenization of milk does not measurably influence conductivity (Prentice 1962). The conductivity of whey and ultrafiltrate is slightly greater than that of skim milk (Schulz 1956 Schulz and Sydow 1957). A possible relationship between the electrical conductivity and physical stability of evaporated milk and concentrated infant milk products has been reported (Hansson 1957). Samples of poor physical stability tended to have relatively low conductivity values compared to those of the more stable products. 

S Albala-Hurtado, S Bover-Cid, M Izquierdo-Pulido, MT Veciano-Nogues, MC Vidal-Carou. Determination of available lysine in infant milk formulae by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 778 235-241, 1997. 

Infant milk formula Saponify (ambient), extract Spherisorb ODS-2 MeOH/MeCN/H20, Retinol, a-tocopherol... 

JM Romera, M Ramirez, A Gil. Determination of pantothenic acid in infant milk formulas by high performance liquid chromatography. J Dairy Sci 79 523 -526, 1996. 

Weintraub R, Hams G, Meerkin M, et al. 1986. High aluminum content of infant milk formulas. Arch Dis Child 61 914-916. 

However, even with these precautions, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers should breast-feed their babies for at least a year, and longer if possible, while the World Health Organization says two years should be the minimum. Many studies have shown that babies who get human milk are healthier, less likely to become obese and may have better brain function (Gartner et al., 1997). Infant milk manufacturers have taken note and regularly adjust their formulae to resemble human milk more closely. 

Chavez-Servin, J.L. Castellote, A.I. Lopez-Sabater, M.C. 2006. Simultaneous analysis of vitamins A and E in infant milk-based formulae by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection using a short narrow-bore column. J. Chromatogr. A. 1122 138-143. 

The vitamin is widely distributed in foods, and clinical deficiency is virtually unknown, apart from an outbreak during the 1950s, which resulted from overheating of infant milk formula. 

Ltd., located in Wuhan City, has been producing arachidonic acid using Mort. alpi-na since 2001 (see www.aUdng.com.cn). Production appears to be at the 50,000-L level although larger fermenters may be under commission. The oil is thought to be used in infant milk powder but also may be exported to unknown destinations. 

Dairy and imitation dairy products Infant, milk formulas... 

Infant Milks. The effect of preparation, technology, and storage conditions of ascorbic acid nutrified evaporated milk infant formulations has been studied by several investigators (411,412,413) and in the past has been reviewed by others. It is economically and nutritionally sound to nutrify evaporated milk with 50-100 mg of ascorbic acid per 13 fl oz (384.5 mL), for future reconstitution to a quart or liter, in vacuum-sealed containers according to Pennsylvania State University researchers. The sodium salt is preferred to avoid a potential destabilization effect on the... 

Head and Hansen (415) added L-ascorbic acid (42.3 mg/L) to whole, chocolate, and low fat (1%) fluid milks to increase the ascorbic acid intake of school children. Three milk treatments were examined (C) pasteurized milk, (E) pasteurization (74°C for 16 s) after ascorbic acid addition, and (F) ascorbic acid addition after pasteurization. Storage (4°C) retention of ascorbic acid (Figure 9) was good, and the taste reactions of children were favorable. Previously Weinstein et al. (416) and Anderson et al. (417) had reported on ascorbic acid nutrified fluid milk to which ascorbic acid was added at 50 and 200 mg/L, respectively. Infant milks nutrified with ascorbic acid were investigated by Cameron (418) during the preparatory procedures prior to infant feeding. 

Baobab milk contains more protein (1.5%) and minerals (Fe 17.8 mg Ca 134.2 mg) than human milk (protein 1.3% Fe 0.2 mg Ca 30 mg) or cow milk (Fe 0.1 mg Ca 1.20 mg) and most leading national commercial infant milk powder formulas e.g. Cerelac (Fe 10.0 mg). The composite flours contain more nutrients than the baobab or the acha flour alone (5). 

Iron deficiency in infancy remains a common nutritional problem. In infants, milk feeding represents the basis of nutrition and an essential source of iron during infancy. It is felt that iron deficiency becomes a problem after the first four mounths of life. 

N3. Nelson, E. W., Streiff, R. R., and Cerda, J. J., Comparative bioavailability of folate and vitamin C from a synthetic and natural source. Am. /. Clin. Nutr. 28,1014-1019 (1975). Nicol, D. J., and Davis, R. E., The folate and vitamin B12 content of infant milk foods with particular reference to goat s milk. Med. J. Aust. 2, 212-213 (1967). 

Asubiojo 01, Iskander EY. 1988. A trace element study of commercial infant milk and cereal formulas. 

Table 75.4 Infant milk substitute powders and complementary foods...

Keto-sitosterol and 7-keto-cholesterol were selected as markers for the oxidation of phytosterols and cholesterol in infant milk formulas and infant milk cereals (Zunin et al., 1998). The data indicated no significant differences in the extent of oxidation of sitosterol and cholesterol. The content of 7-keto-sitosterol was found to be less than 5 ppm of extracted lipid. 

Gastroenteric disorders in infants — Margarine, carbonated drinks, infant milk ... 

Morales, R, and Jimenez-Perez, S., Hydroxymethylfurfural determination in infant milk-based formulas by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Food Chem., 72, 525, 2001. 

Rowan, N.J. et al (2001) Putative virulence factor expression by clinical and food isolates of Bacillus spp. after growth in reconstituted infant milk formulae. Appl Environ. Microbiol, 67 (9), 3873-3881. 

Alles, MS Scholtens, PAMJ Bindels, JG. Current trends in the composition of infant milk formulas. Curr Paediatr, 2004 14 51-63. 

Aflatoxin Mi EU 0.025 Infant formulae including infant milk. The maximum level for infant formulae refers to the product ready to use after reconstitution... 

Iron determination samples include pharmaceutical products, drinking and natural water, aluminum alloys, multivitamins, and infant milk products. 

De Brouwer et al. (2010) identified 5 folate vitamers in their study 5-methyltet-rahydrofolate (the predominant vitamer), 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate and tetrahy-drofolate (the most labile vitamers), folic acid, and 10-formyl folic acid. This study reported that folate levels in wild-type rice were approximately 20 pg/lOO g lower than in bio-fortified rice [41], While separation of folate vitamers was obtained in 8 min run time, a previous LC-MS/MS method required 20 min [49]. Also, UPLC improved the sensitivity by reducing the limit of quantitation. Another study documented that endogenous 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in bread ranged between 1.3 and 3.4 pg/100 g [14]. Measurements of folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in flour and infant milk formula have been successfully made using this method, described in the latter study. 

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