Diglyceride phosphate

Chem. Desap. Mono- and diglycerides phosphate ester Uses Pigmenf dispersanf for oil-base painis w/o emulsifier, lubricanf, release agenf, and fhickener in food processing Properties Flake oil-sol. anionic 100% cone. 

Synthesis of Fats from Fatty Acids. The above biossoithesis releases fatty acids in the form of the acyl-CoA derivatives. They are then stored as glycerol esters, i.e. as neutral fats. Esterification does not take place on the glycerol molecule itself, but rather on glycerol phosphate, which could have arisen, e.g., from reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (cf. Chapt. XVIII-2). There is an enzyme which is responsible for the formation of diglyceride phosphate (also called phosphatidic acid) from glycerol phosphate and 2 moles of activated fatty acid. CoA—SH is released in the process. It is important for the organism to have the coenzyme A available for other reactions. 

In the last step, the diglyceride phosphate is dephosphorylated by the action of a phosphatase and is brought to reaction with another mole of acyl-CoA. So-called neutral fat has been formed and can be stored as depot fat (or organ fat). 

Chem. Descrip. Mono/diglyceride phosphate ester, sodium salt Ionic Nature Anionic... 

Temperature, on the other hand, has no influence on the ratio of reaction products but influences the rate of reaction and the forming of colored byproducts [14]. The preparation of surfactants by reaction of P4O10 with fats, oils, and diglycerides is described in early patents [1,15,16]. Surfactants were prepared by the neutralization of higher fatty alcohol-mixed phosphates [17]. 

The addition of acetic acid anhydride or acetyl chloride was found to accelerate the reaction. In certain instances other solvents are also used. Phosphates of higher molecular weight alcohols was formed by reaction with P4O10 or POCl3 in the presence of benzene [18-20]. Specific examples describe the reaction of P4O10 with diglycerides from vegetable oil in the presence of isopro-... 

Two routes to phospholipid biosynthesis are known in either, the participation of CTP is necessary. The first route involves phosphatidic acid in phosphoglyceride biosynthesis. Phosphatidic acid reacts with CTP to yield CDP-diglyceride which, as a coenzyme, can participate in the transfer of diglyceride onto serine (or inositol) to produce phosphatidylserine (or phosphatidylinositol). Serine phosphatides are liable to decarboxylation (pyridoxal phosphate acting... 

Glycerol phosphate comes from glycerol (not in adipose) or from dihydroxyacetone phosphate (in liver and adipose). Nitrogen-containing phospholipids are made from diglyceride. Other phospholipids are made from phosphatidic acid. 

Other enzymes present in myelin include those involved in phosphoinositide metabolism phosphatidylinositol kinase, diphosphoinositide kinase, the corresponding phosphatases and diglyceride kinases. These are of interest because of the high concentration of polyphosphoinositides of myelin and the rapid turnover of their phosphate groups. This area of research has expanded towards characterization of signal transduction system(s), with evidence of G proteins and phospholipases C and D in myelin. 

In the case of chlorphentermine, it is believed to associate with the ionic portion of the phospholipids. Phospholipids are diglycerides with the remaining hydroxyl group of the glycerol esterified with a phosphate to which is attached a charged moiety such as choline. The long fatty acid chain is hydrophobic, the phosphate-choline is hydrophilic. They are particularly important constituents of membranes. 

The isolation of mutants in S. typhimurium by Rick and Osborn (11,12) and mutants in E. coli by Nishijima and Raetz (44) that accumulate the Lipid A precursor indicate that KDO synthesis and Lipid A synthesis are not coordinately controlled. The initial steps in the synthesis of the Lipid A precursor are totally unknown. The temperature sensitive mutants of E. coli isolated by Nishijima and Raetz (44) that are defective in phosphaditylglyc-erol phosphate synthesis at 42°C and accumulate the Lipid A precursors indicate that there is some relationship between the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and LPS. The reasons for the acu-cumulation of the Lipid A precursors in this E. coli mutant are not obvious. We have shown that CDP-diglyceride, one of the substrates for phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthesis, is an inhibitor of D-arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase with an 1 value... 

AZT phosphate diglyceride Purified for structure confirmation, efficacy studies 136... 

Acetylanisole, 450 Acetylated Distarch Adipate, 159 Acetylated Distarch Phosphate, 160 Acetylated Mono- and Diglycerides, 12 Acetylated Monoglycerides, 12 Acetylbenzene, 450... 

Acid hydrolyses are usually carried out by refluxing in 6 N aqueous hydrochloric acid (constant boiling) or 5 to 10% solutions of HC1 in methanol (to promote solubility) for 4 to 30 hr, depending on the lipid in question. Most glycerophosphatides are hydrolyzed by acid to fatty acids, glycerophosphate, and the free base, just as with alkali. However, inositol phosphatides initially yield inositol phosphate and diglycerides on acid hydrolysis. Hydrochloric acid is easily removed by vacuum, which makes chromatographic examination of the hydrolysis products easier. 

FIGURE I.n Phosphatidylcholine an amphipathic molecule. Phosphatidylcholine is a diglyceride. It contairts a glycerol backbone, two molecules of fatty acid, and a molecule of choline phosphate. The choline phosphate group is not linked to the central carbon of glycenoL... 

Dough conditioners (may contain mono- and diglycerides, sodium stearoyl lactylate, dicalcium phosphate, datem, sorbic acid, and/or carbon dioxide) Vinegar Soy flour... 

The product is phosphatidic acid, itself an important substance (see page 31) and the starting point for the phosphatides and related lipids. The conversion of phosphatidic acid into triglyceride demands first the removal of the phosphate through hydrolysis by the enzyme phosphatidic acid phosphatase (an irreversible reaction). The product is diglyceride, which can react with a final fatty acyl-CoA to yield triglyceride (14,15) ... 

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