Differentiation tissue culture

Organ cultures. Differentiated tissues of shoots, roots, anthers, ovaries, or other plant organs in culture... 

Translation-competent ER membrane fractions can also be prepared from tissue culture cells. We recommend a terminally differentiated secretory suspension cell line, such as a plasmacytoma (e.g., J558L), which contains abundant levels of ER membrane. In this protocol, cells are collected by centrifugation (5 min, 500 x g) and resuspended in a homogenization buffer containing 10 mMKOAc, 10 mMK-HEPES, pH 7.5, 1.5 mMMg(OAc)2,... 

Mirocha CJ, Schauerhamer B, Pathre SV (1974) Isolation, detection, and quantification of zearalenone in maize and barley. J Assoc Anal Chem 57 1104-1110 Muller R, Baier M, Kaiser WM (1991) Differential stimulation of PEP-carboxylation in guard cells and mesophyll cells by ammonium or fusicoccin. J Exp Bot 42 215-220 Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15 473-497... 

The study of osteoclast differentiation is important for understanding potential new treatments for osteoporosis. Such therapies are typically explored in tissue culture models such as the Raw264 mouse monocytic cell line, which is capable of differentiation into functional multinuclear osteoclasts after treatment with the cytokine Rankl. Use of transformed cell lines raises the concern that results may not be extrapolated to normal tissue. To address this question, the transcriptional responses for Rankl treatment of the Raw264 cell line, and of two ex vivo primary cell systems (bone marrow macrophages, and hematopoetic stem cells) were compared using Affymetrix GeneChips [23]. The models proved to... 

The induction of PAL activity at the onset of vascular differentiation can be shown by the use of plant tissue cultures (37-39). Xylem cells with secondary and lignified walls are differentiated over a time course of 3-14 days by the application of the plant growth factors naphthylene acetic acid (NAA) and kinetin in the ratio 5 1 (1.0 mg/liter NAA, 0.2 mg/liter kinetin) to tissue cultures of bean cells (Phaseolus vulgaris) (37,40). The time for differentiation varies with the type of culture, solid or suspension, and with the frequency and duration of subculture, but for any one culture it is relatively constant (37,41,42). At the time of differentiation when the xylem vessels form, the activity of PAL rises to a maximum. The rising phase of the enzyme activity was inhibited by actinomycin D and by D-2,4-(4-methyl-2,6-dinitroanilino)-N-methylpropionamide (MDMP) applied under carefully controlled conditions (42). This indicated that both transcription and translation were necessary for the response to the hormones. Experiments using an antibody for PAL and a cDNA probe for the PAL-mRNA have also shown that there is an increase in the amount of transcript for PAL during the formation of lignin when Zinnia mesophyll cells are induced to form xylem elements in culture (Lin and Northcote, unpublished work). 

Van Langendonck, N., Bottreau, E., Bailly, S., Tabouret, M., Marly, J., Pardon, P., and Verge, P. (1998). Tissue culture assays using Caco-2 cell line differentiate virulent from non-virulent Listeria monocytogenes strains. /. Appl. Microbiol. 85, 337-346. 

The embryonic stem cell test is an animal-free alternative test method for developmental toxicity. Mouse embryonic stem cells are cultured in a hanging drop method to form embryoid bodies. These embryoid bodies, when plated on tissue culture dishes, differentiate to form contracting myocardial cell foci within 10 days. Inhibition of cardiomyocyte differentiation by test compounds serves as the end point of the assay, as monitored by cormting contracting muscle foci under the microscope. 

DC036 Neuman, K. H., A. Schafer, and ]. Blaschke. Investigation on differentiation and enzyme activity of carrot tissue cultures. Planta Med Suppl 1975 188. 

Isolated animal cells in tissue culture, no matter how highly differentiated, tend to revert quickly to one of three basic types known as epitheliocytes, mechanocytes, and amebocytes. Epitheliocytes are closely adherent cells derived from epithelial tissues and thought to be related in their origins to the two surface layers of the embryonic blastula. Mechanocytes, often called fibroblasts or fibrocytes, are derived from muscle, supporting, or connective tissue. Like the amebocytes, they arise from embryonic mesenchymal tissue cells that have migrated inward from the lower side of the blastula (Chapter 32). Neurons, neuroglia, and lymphocytes are additional distinct cell types. 

Addition of oligosaccharides to combinations of auxin plus cytokinins also influences the differentiation of shoots and roots in tissue culture. Indeed, many of the pleiotropic effects originally attributed to auxins and other plant hormones may actually be mediated by oligosaccharins. 

Lor most of this work, optimised in vitro plant cell suspension cultures were used, especially from R. serpentina and C. roseus, and in the latter case, differentiated tissue (seedling) was also successfully used for investigation of various aspects of vindoline biosynthesis [12, 13]. 

The mechanism of vanadium interaction with growth and differentiation pathways has been extensively studied [70], In tissue culture systems, vanadium has been shown to inhibit growth and, in some cases, modify DNA synthesis to block the G2-to-M transition. Cells blocked at M phase are susceptible to apoptosis, which can be stimulated by vanadium compounds. Vanadium compounds have also been shown to have mitotic effects stimulating growth, cell proliferation, or cell transformation. In some cases, vanadium compounds were able to promote cellular differentiation. Clearly, the addition of vanadium compounds would not have all of these... 

Tumour cells are allowed to attach to gelatin-coated tissue culture dishes (see 2.4.1) when many different kinds of cells including embryonal cells grow out. These latter cells may eventually outgrow the differentiated cells and they may then be cloned (Chapter 7) (Rosenthal et al., 1970 Bernstine et al., 1973). Lines isolated in this way tend after some time to lose their ability to differentiate. 

Kohen, E. and Kohen, C. The intercellular transfer of molecules in tissue culture cells A kinetic study by multichannel microfluorometry. In The Tenth Miami Winter Symposia, 9-13 January 1978. Differentiation and Development. W. Whelan and J. Schultz (eds.)pp. 411-439. Academic Press, New York, 1978. 

Yeoman, M.M., Dyer, A.F., and Robertson, A.I., Growth and differentiation of plant tissue cultures. I. Changes accompanying the growth of explants from Helianthus tuberosus tubers, Ann. Bot., 29, 265-276,1965. 

Carriere V, Lessufleur T, Barbat A et al. (1994) Expression of cy-tochrom P450 3A in HT-29-MTX cells and CACO-2 clone TC7. FEBS Letter 355 247-250 Chantret I, Barbat A, Dussaulx E et al. (1988) Epithelial polarity, villin expression, and enterocytic differentiation of cultured human colon carcinoma cells a survey of 20 cell-lines. Cancer Res 48 1936-1942 Cordon-Cardo C, O Brien JP, Boccia J et al. (1990) Expression of the multidrug resistance product (P-glycoprotein) in human normal and tumor tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 38 1277-1287... 

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