Dietary reference values

For precise amounts see Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom, 1991. 

Department of Health, UK. 1991. Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom (Report on Health and Social Subjects, No. 41). London, Her Majesty s Stationery... 

Notwithstanding the problems involved in determining requirements for vitamins, most national authorities (as well as the United Nations FAO/WHO and the European Commission) publish, and periodically revise, tables of recommended intakes of nutrients or dietary reference values. 

The U.S./Canadian Dietary Reference Values report (Institute of Medicine, 2001) introduced the term retinol activity equivalent to take account of the incomplete absorption and metabolism of carotenoids 1 RAE = 1 /xg of all-fra s-retinol, 12 /xg of /3-carotene, and 24 /xg of a-carotene or /3-crypto-xanthin. On this basis, 1 iu of vitamin A activity = 3.6 /xg of /3-carotene or... 

Institute of Medicine (1998) Dietary Reference Values for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin Be, Folate, Vitamin Bu, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. Washington, DC National Academy Press. 

Dietary intakes of trace elements can be assessed for individual patients or population groups by direct dietary analysis and by taking dietary histories. The estimated intakes can then be compared with the current dietary reference values. 

Tab. 29.2 Dietary reference values for zinc (mg per day) suggested by various sources...

In order to prevent deficiency in humans, dietary reference values have been established (for details, see Section 29.5.4), but these values do not match with the actual intake of considerable groups of the population. 

The report of the panel on dietary reference values of the committee on medical aspects of food poficy for the United Kingdom recommended l40pg/day for adults and no increment either during pregnancy or lactation. The panel had found that the calculated average iodine intake was 255, 243 and 176pg/day for the total diet study, men and women, respectively (DOH, 1991 Wenlock etal., 1982). 

DOH (1991). Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the UK. HMSO, London, UK, pp. 183-186. Fuge, R. (2005). In (ed. O. Selinus), Essentials ofMedieal Geology. 

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, N.a.A.N. Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for protein. Eur Food Saf Authority. 2012 10(2) 66. 

Printing Office, 2010. EFSA. Scientific opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyimsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol. EFSA Journal. 2010,8(3) l46l. 

Reference nutrient intake (RNI) A term introduced in the 1991 UK Tables of Dietary Reference Values. An intake of the nutrient two standard deviations above the observed mean requirement and hence greater than the requirements of 97.5% of the population. 

DRV dietary reference value adenine dinucleotide phosphate... 

EAR. estimated average requirement RNI, reference nutrient intake DRV, dietary reference value BMR, basal metabolic rate... 

The average content of niacin in human breast milk is 8 mg (65.6 pmol) per 1000 kcal (4200 kJ), and this is the basis for the recommendations (and dietary reference values) for infants up to 6 months. In the UK, the Reference Nutrient Intake niacin increment during pregnancy is nil, and during lactation it is 2 mg per day. 

Selenium Distribution, Status Assays, and Dietary Reference Values... 

LRNI, Lower Reference Nutrient Intake RNI, Reference Nutrient Intake Al, Adequate Intake RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowance. Sources UK Department of Health (1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom, Report on Health and Social Subjects No. 41. London HMSO. USA Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine (2000) Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium and Carotenoids. Washington, DC National Academy Press. WHO/FAO WHO/FAO (2002) Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, Bangkok, Thailand. Rome WHO/ FAO. 

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