Lower reference nutrient intake

The lower reference nutrient intake (LNRI). This is 2 X sd below the observed mean requirement, and is therefore adequate to meet the requirements of only 2.5% of the population. In the European Union tables this is called the lower threshold intake, to show that it is a level of intake at or below which it is extremely unlikely that normal metabolic integrity could be maintained. 

Lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI) An intake of a nutrient below which it is unlikely that physiological needs will be met or metabolic integrity be maintained. 

The lowest tiers in the FAOAVHO system and in the DRV and CEC systems show similar values, but are defined differently. The FAOAVHO defines basal requirement as the (average daily) amount needed to prevent clinically demonstrable impairment of function [29]. The lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI) in the UK system is rather defined as the (average daily) amount of the nutrient that is enough for only the few people in a group who have low needs [10]. Finally, the lowest threshold intake (LTI) in the CEC system is defined as an intake below which almost all individuals will be unable to maintain metabolic integrity [12]. 

LRNI, Lower Reference Nutrient Intake RNI, Reference Nutrient Intake Al, Adequate Intake RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowance. Sources UK Department of Health (1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom, Report on Health and Social Subjects No. 41. London HMSO. USA Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine (2000) Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium and Carotenoids. Washington, DC National Academy Press. WHO/FAO WHO/FAO (2002) Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, Bangkok, Thailand. Rome WHO/ FAO. 

Lower reference Estimated average Reference nutrient intake requirement nutrient intake... 

Overweight/obese subjects show lower concentrations of nutrients than normal weight subjects due to insufficient dietary intake or altered absorption, distribution and metabolism of micronutrients. In our study, obese subjects vitamin B12 values were below the reference interval (only 7%) and holoTC levels below cut-off (only 21 %), perhaps thanks to the Mediterranean diet which redress the imbalance caused by weight, particularly in young subjects. 

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