Diesel Lubricating Additives

8 Diesel Lubricating Additives 1.1.8.1 Diesel Fuel Additixxs 

New procedures for the analysis of cleaning additives in diesel fuel have been presented (67). Cleaning additives play an important role in the prevention of the formation of deposits in the injection system. There the temperature and pressure conditions can effect the 

Cleaning additives contain straight chain and branched alcohols, solvent naphtha, a mixture of trimethylbenzene isomers and naphthalene. Two procedures were initially compared (67)  

One-step analysis using gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection or mass spectroscopy (MS), and 

A two-step procedure in which normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography was used for the preliminary separation of the additives. 

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Although lubricant base stocks have been subjected to dewaxing processes, they still contain large amounts of paraffins that result in a high pour point for the oil. In the paragraph on the cold behavior of diesel fuels, additives were mentioned that modify the paraffin crystalline system and oppose the precipitation of solids. 

Kim B. Peyton began his career in the petroleum industry in 1978. During the past 23 years, he has worked in the development of synthetic fuels from coal and shale oil, the manufacture and quality assurance of automotive and diesel engine oils, the development of industrial lubricants, the evaluation and development of fuel and lubricant additives, and in providing a diverse range of technical support services to customers. 

Engine test used by Mack Track Company in specifying T-6, T-7 heavy-duty diesel lubricants. T-6 (piston deposit, oil consumption, and oil thickening) T-7 (oil thickening). Additive which prevents the oxidation-increasing catalytic effect of certain metals on the oil in the lubrication system, copper, lead, and iron are the most common. 

Wall, S. W., Grill, R. A., and Byfleet, W. D. 1999. The No-Harm Performance of Lubricity Additives for Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuels. Petroleum Coal, 41, 38-42. 

Use Intermediate, diesel- and jet-fuel additive, lubricant additive. 

McGeehan, J.A. (1983) Effect of piston deposits, fuel sulphur, and lubricant viscosity on diesel engine od consumption and cylinder bore polishing. S7LE Trans. 92 Paper 831721. Texaco Inc. (1988) Diesel Lubricating Qd Consumption Control Additives . European... 

Many additives used in marine diesel lubricants are multifunctional and their properties and functions, with particular reference to marine applications, are discussed below. The main types of additives used for formulating marine lubricants are as... 

Lubricity additives are used to compensate for the poor lubricity of severely hydrotreated diesel fuels. They contain a polar group that is attracted to metal surfaces, causing the additive to form a thin surface film. The film acts as a boundary lubricant when two metal surfaces come in contact. Two additive chemicals, fatty acids and esters, are typically used for this purpose. 

Application The Polimeri/Lummus process is a non-phosgene route using CO, CH3OH (methanol) and 0 to produce dimethyl carbonate (DMC). DMC is a nontoxic intermediate used in the production of polycarbonates, lubricants, solvents, etc., and is also used directly as a solvent or a gasoline/diesel fuel additive. This environmentally safe process can be applied to large capacity plants. 

His patents (many with coinventors) were concerned with many subjects, including a leavening process, refining hydrocarbons, plastics, manufacture of alkyl nitrates, lubricants, additives, corrosion-proof liners, diesel fuel, alcohol-gasoline compositions. plasticizers, stabilized polymers, paving compositions, seed treatment, rocket propellent, and encapsulated oxidants. 

Typical TG-DTA applications are thermal and oxidative stability, determination of relative components, decomposition temperatures and thermal decay reactions, action of heat stabilisers, thermal ageing. TG-DTA has been used to screen candidate automotive engineering plastics, elastomeric seals and lubricant additives to establish quality and understand field failures [300], The organometallic chemicals used as lubricant additives were employed to increase the thermal and/or oxidative stability of passenger car and heavy-duty diesel oils. 

Damin, B., A. Faure, J. Denis, B. Sillion, P. Claudy and J.M. Letoffe (1986), New additives for diesel fuels cloud point depressents . SAE paper No. 86-1527, International fuels and lubricants meeting and exposition, Philadelphia, PA. 

Montagne, X., D. Merrier and J.-C. Guibet (1987), "Fouling of automotive diesel injectors. Test procedure, influence of composition of diesel oil and additives". SAE paper No. 87-2118, International fuels and lubricants meeting, Toronto, Ontario. 

Lubricants, Fuels, and Petroleum. The adipate and azelate diesters of through alcohols, as weU as those of tridecyl alcohol, are used as synthetic lubricants, hydrauHc fluids, and brake fluids. Phosphate esters are utilized as industrial and aviation functional fluids and to a smaH extent as additives in other lubricants. A number of alcohols, particularly the Cg materials, are employed to produce zinc dialkyldithiophosphates as lubricant antiwear additives. A smaH amount is used to make viscosity index improvers for lubricating oils. 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate [24247-96-7] serves as a cetane improver for diesel fuels and hexanol is used as an additive to fuel oil or other fuels (57). Various enhanced oil recovery processes utilize formulations containing hexanol or heptanol to displace oil from underground reservoirs (58) the alcohols and derivatives are also used as defoamers in oil production. 

Oil additives account on average for 7—8% of lubricant production volume (automotive 13%, iadustrial 3%) (67). Additive production volumes have largely mirrored overall lubricant production. New standards for automotive and diesel engine oils are requiring higher additive levels and more expensive chemistry. 

The early developments of solvent processing were concerned with the lubricating oil end of the cmde. Solvent extraction processes are appHed to many usefiil separations in the purification of gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, and other oils. In addition, solvent extraction can replace fractionation in many separation processes in the refinery. For example, propane deasphalting (Fig. 7) has replaced, to some extent, vacuum distillation as a means of removing asphalt from reduced cmde oils. 

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