1.3- Dichlorobenzene, naming

When an aqueous solution containing hexachlorobenzene (150 nM) and a nonionic surfactant micelle (0.50 M Brij 58, a polyoxyethylene cetyl ether) was illuminated by a photo-reactor equipped with 253.7-nm monochromatic UV lamps, significant concentrations of pentachlorobenzene, all tetra-, tri-, and dichlorobenzenes, chlorobenzene, benzene, phenol, hydrogen, and chloride ions were formed. Two compounds, namely 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene, formed in minor amounts (<40 ppb). The half-life for this reaction, based on... 

The chemical 1,4-di chlorobenzene is usually called para-DCB or p-DCB, but there are about 20 additional names for it, including para crystals and paracide. It is also called paramoth because it is one of two chemicals commonly used to make mothballs. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is used to make deodorant blocks used in garbage cans and restrooms, as well as to help control odors in animal-hoi ding facilities. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene has also been used as an insecticide on... 

Common Name 1,2-Dichlorobenzene Synonym o-dichlorobenzene, dowtherm E Chemical Name 1,2-dichlorobenzene CAS Registry No 95-50-1 Molecular Formula C6H4C12 Molecular Weight 147.002 Melting Point (°C) ... 

Alternatively, the terms ortho, meta, and para can be used. These terms define the relative position of one substituent to another (Following fig.). Thus, 1,3-dichlorobenzene can also be called meta-dichlorobenzene. This can be shortened to m-dichlorobenzene. The examples in figure given below shows how different parent names can be used. The substituent which defines the parent name is given as position 1. For example, if the parent name is toluene, the methyl group must be at position 1. 

These compounds occur widely in nature. When naming ring structures, numbering goes around the ring in such a direction as to keep the numbering as low as possible, e.g. 1,3-dichlorobenzene is preferred to 1,5-dichlorobenzene (numbering in the opposite direction). 

This synthesis is applicable to many aromatic compounds, including alkoxyl or N,N dimethylamino derivatives of benzene and naphthalene, naphthols, indole, and certain reactive hydrocarbons, namely, anthra-cene, 1,2-benzanthracene, 3,4-benzpyrene, ° and pyrene. The high-melting polynuclear hydrocarbons react best in the presence of a solvent, such as o-dichlorobenzene. For example, a solution of anthracene, methyl formanilide, and phosphorus oxychloride in o-dichlorobenzene is heated 1 hour at 90-95° then an aqueous solution of sodium acetate is added, and the solvent and N-methylaniline are removed by steam distillation. The solid residue is readily purified to yield 9-anthraldehyde (84%). With liquid or low-melting compounds a solvent is not required. 

The substances for which results are presented in this paper, namely para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), and... 

There are two good routes from 15b to p-phenylenediamine (22), namely reduction with Na2S3 in aqueous solution, and acid/iron reduction. It is also made by the action of ammonia on p-dichlorobenzene under pressure. The p-amino acetanilide (23) is made by reduction of the nitro-precursor 21. 

In all cases, both permeability and diffusivity of methyl-substituted benzenes vary in an inverse manner with their molecular volumes (as calculated by dividing the molecular weight by density and Avogadro number to yield the volume per molecule). For other penetrants, namely, anisole, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, -dichlorobenzene and bromobenzene, the volume per molecule varies in the range 17-19. However, their diffusion trends are quite different. For instance, though nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene... 

Synonyms/Trade Names o-DCB 1,2-Dichlorobenzene ortho-Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzol... 

I Synonyms/Trade Names p-CCB 1.4-Dichlorobenzene para-Dichlorobenzene Dichlorocide ... 

Unfortunately, a vast portion of the WO works reported in the literature deals with the non-catalyzed oxidation kinetics for single compounds. In a review by Matatov-Meytal and Sheintuch , it was found that pure compounds such as phenol, benzene, dichlorobenzene, and acetic acid obey a first-order rate law with respect to the substrates and mainly half order with respect to the oxygen concentration. A thorough kinetic investigation in an isothermal, differentially operated fixed bed reactor with the oxygen pre-saturated aqueous solutions has revealed that the catalytic oxidation of acetic acid, phenol, chloro-phenol, and nitro-phenol can be well expressed by means of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic formulation ° , namely... 

Polyfphenylene sulfide), sold by Phillips Chemical Company under the trade name Rylon, is a highly crystalline aromatic polymer (mp 285°C). It is obtained by the polycondensation of/7-dichlorobenzene and sodium sulfide. The symmetrical arrangement of -substituted benzene rings and sulfur atoms on the polymer backbone permits a high degree of crystallization. This, in addition to the extreme resistance of the benzene ring-sulfur bonds to thermal degradation, confers thermal stability, inherent nonflammability, and chemical resistance on PPS resin. 

Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is the thio analogue of poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) [57]. The first commercial grades were introduced by Phillips Petroleum in 1968 under the trade name Ryton. Other manufacturers also have introduced PPS (e.g., Tedur by Bayer). The commercial process involves the reaction of p-dichlorobenzene with sodium sulfide in a polar solvent. 

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