Photo bio-reactor

Microalgae biomass is produced in specially engineered facilities. Currently, open pond and photo bio-reactor (PBR) systems are the two most viable options for large-scale commercial production of algal biomass for biofuel. 

Adopted from website http //aigaegeek.com/Projects/Photo-Bio-reactor-V2/images/reactorl.gif. 

Richardson, J.W., Johnson, M.D., Outlaw, J.L., 2012. Economic comparison of open pond raceways to photo bio-reactors for profitable production of algae for transportation fuels in the Southwest. Algal Research 1, 93—100. 

Until now, bioreactors of various types have been developed. These include loop-fluidized bed [14], spin filter, continuously stirred turbine, hollow fiber, stirred tank, airlift, rotating drum, and photo bioreactors [1]. Bioreactor modifications include the substitution of a marine impeller in place of a flat-bladed turbine, and the use of a single, large, flat paddle or blade, and a newly designed membrane stirrer for bubble-free aeration [13, 15-18]. Kim et al. [19] developed a hybrid reactor with a cell-lift impeller and a sintered stainless steel sparger for Thalictrum rugosum cell cultures, and cell densities of up to 31 g L1 were obtained by perfusion without any problems with mixing or loss of cell viability the specific berberine productivity was comparable to that in shake flasks. Su and Humphrey [20] conducted a perfusion cultivation in a stirred tank bio-... 

In photo-reactors provided with a Fe/Nafion membrane, the degradation up to bio-compatibility of Orange II proceeds at an acceptable kinetic rate only up to pH 4.7 [3]. The long-lived intermediates of the degradation were observed to be bio-degradable compared to Orange n which is not bio-degradable. 

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