Diallyl phthalate polymers

Shenoy M.A., Patil Mrinalini, and Shetty Aditya. Modification of epoxy resin by addition of bismaleimide and diallyl phthalate. Polym. Eng. Sci. A1 no. 11 (2007) 1881-1888. 

Dispersion polymerization Diallyl phthalate polymer Rubber and plastic modifiers 49... 

Poly(diallyl phthalate) Diallyl phthalate polymer 25053-15-0 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propenyl ester, homopolymer R (Ci4Hi404) ... 

Diallyl Phthalate (and Diallyl 1,3-Phthalate). These allyl polymers are prepared from... 

Polycarbonate acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene alloy Allyl-diglycol- carbonate polymer Diallyl phthalate molding Cellulose acetate Cellulose-acetate-butyrate resin... 

For all three diallyl phthalate isomers, gelation occurs at nearly the same conversion DAP prepolymer contains fewer reactive allyl groups than the other isomeric prepolymers (36). More double bonds are lost by cyclisation in DAP polymerisation, but this does not affect gelation. The heat-distortion temperature of cross-linked DAP polymer is influenced by the initiator chosen and its concentration (37). Heat resistance is increased by electron beam irradiation. 

Allyl-diglycol-carbonate polymer Diallyl phthalate (DAP) polymer Cellulosics... 

Diallyl phthalate when heated to 100°C with an initiator like t-butyl per benzoate yields a linear polymer linked through one allyl unit per monomer. This polymer having mol. wt. 10000-25000 is then compounded with fillers to get thermosetting moulding powder. Mouldings have thermal stability upto... 

The work function of the rubbing surfaces and the electron affinity of additives are interconnected on the molecular level. This mechanism has been discussed in terms of tribopolymerization models as a general approach to boundary lubrication (Kajdas 1994, 2001). To evaluate the validity of the anion-radical mechanism, two metal systems were investigated, a hard steel ball on a softer steel plate and a hard ball on an aluminum plate. Both metal plates emit electrons under friction, but aluminum produced more exoelectrons than steel. With aluminum, the addition of 1% styrene to the hexadecane lubricating fluid reduced the wear volume of the plate by over 65%. This effect considerably predominates that of steel on steel. Friction initiates polymerization of styrene, and this polymer formation was proven. It was also found that lauryl methacrylate, diallyl phthalate, and vinyl acetate reduced wear in an aluminum pin-on-disc test by 60-80% (Kajdas 1994). 

The extent of cyclization decreases quite sharply as one goes to ring sizes of 7 or more atoms. However, contrary to expectations, the extent of cyclization is still quite significant for many monomers. Thus the extent of cyclization (measured as the percent of monomer units that are cyclized) is 15-20% for diallyl esters giving ring structures containing up to 17 atoms [Holt and Simpson, 1956]. The polymerization of o-diallyl phthalate yields a polymer with more than 40% cyclization [Eaton et al., 1989 Matsumoto et al., 1980],... 

Some of the common types of plastics that are used are thermoplastics, such as poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) (see POLYMERS CONTAINING SULFUR), nylons, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), the polyesters (qv) such as polyesters that are 30% glass-fiber reinforced, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polyetherimide (PEI) and thermosets such as diallyl phthalate and phenolic resins (qv). Because of the wide variety of manufacturing processes and usage requirements, these materials are available in several variations which have a range of physical properties. 

Allyl-diglycol-carbonate polymer Diallyl phthalate (DAP) polymer Cellulosics Cellulose acetate resin Cellulose-acetate-propionate resin Cellulose-acetate-butyrate resin Cellulose nitrate resin Ethyl cellulose resin Rayon... 

Diallyl Phthalate (and Diallyl 1,3-Phthalate). Phthalic acid is 1,2-dicarboxybenzene. The 1,3-isomer is generally referred to as isophthalic acid. These allyl polymers are prepared from... 

The complex viscosity can be related to the steady-shear viscosity rf) via the empirical Cox-Merz rule, which notes the equivalence of steady-shear and dynamic-shear viscosities at given shearing rates ri y) = rj (co). The Cox-Merz rule has been confirmed to apply at low rates by Sundstrom and Burkett (1981) for a diallyl phthalate resin and by Pahl and Hesekamp (1993) for a filled epoxy resin. Malkin and Kulichikin (1991) state that for highly filled polymer systems the validity of the Cox-Merz rule is doubtful due to the strain dependence at very low strains and that the material may partially fracture. However, Doraiswamy et al. (1991) discussed a modified Cox-Merz rule for suspensions and yield-stress fluids that equates the steady viscosity with the complex viscosity at a modified shear rate dependent on the strain, ri(y) = rj yrap3), where y i is the maximum strain. This equation has been utilised by Nguyen (1993) and Peters et al. (1993) for the chemorheology of highly filled epoxy-resin systems. 

Figure 2. Relationship between the percentage of hh linkage and the content of uncyclized unit, 100 — fe, obtained for cyclopolymerizations in benzene solutions at 80°C. Key O, diallyl phthalate O, diallyl succinate and , diallyl cis-i 2-cyclo-hexanedicarboxylate. (Reproduced, with permission, from Ref. 21. Copyright 1981, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. Ed.)...

The most common conformal coatings are derived from polyurethanes, acrylics, and epoxies the more special formulations for high-temperature performance are based on silicones, diallyl-phthalate esters, and polyimides. An example of a vapor deposited conformal coating is Parylene. It is obtained by vapor deposition of p-xylylene, which is formed as a transient by dehydrogenation of p-xylene at high temperature, and polymerization on the surface of the object to be coated. Because p-xylylene monomer is not stable, it is advantageous to work with the cyclic dimer, di-p-xylylene (paracyclophane), which, upon heating under reduced pressure, will produce the transient monomer which converts to the polymer at low temperatures. 

Whereas monoallyl derivatives sdeld thermoplastic polymers, allyl esters containing two or more unsaturated groups yield thermosetting resins. Thus, monoallyl esters of unsaturated acids, e.g., allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, allyl crotonate, and allyl itaconate, and diallyl esters of dibasic acids, e.g., diallyl oxalate, diallyl phthalate, and diallyl itaconate, yield thermoset resins, which generally combine solvent resistance, toughness, hardness, transparency, and heat resistance. The cross-linking tendency of the allyl esters makes them useful in copolymerization wherein they impart these properties to normally linear polymers. 

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