Diabetes mellitus type I

T Diabetes mellitus, caused by a deficiency in the secretion or action of insulin, is a relatively common disease nearly 6% of the United States population shows some degree of abnormality in glucose metabolism that is indicative of diabetes or a tendency toward the condition. There are two major clinical classes of diabetes mellitus type I diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and type II diabetes, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), also called insulin-resistant diabetes. 

There are two types of diabetes mellitus — type I, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and type II, or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 

Type I diabetes mellitus Type I diabetes mellitus is when the pancreas suddenly produces little or no insulin, requiring the patient to replace insulin daily via an injection. This is referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). 

Diabetes mellitus An endocrine disease characterized by an elevated blood glucose concentration. There are two major forms of diabetes mellitus type I, or insulin-dependent, and type 11, or non-insnlin-dependent. Type I is cansed by a severe lack or complete absence of insnlin. Type II is caused by resistance to insnlin, that is, an inability to respond to physiologic concentrations of insnlin. 

Non-insulin-dependent and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type I and II)... 

Breath diagnostics involve the analysis of a human breath sample to monitor, diagnose, and detect diseases and conditions. Exhaled breath contains a complex mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and trace amounts of various volatile organic compounds hke NO, acetone, isoprene, and ammonia. Many of these species are formed as the by-products of metabohc processes and can be used as biomarkers for various diseases. Examples of such biomarkers are acetone for diabetes mellitus (type I), ammonia for renal disease, NO for asthma, etc. 

Diabetes mellitus occurs when the human body does not produce enough insulin. This form of diabetes is called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, or juvenile diabetes, or type I diabetes). IDDM is an autoimmune disease (see Exhibit 4.7) in which the j8 cells are targeted by the body s own immune system and progressively destroyed. Once destroyed, they are unable to produce insulin. 

Oral antidiabetic agents might be indicated in noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), i.e. diabetes Type II where insulin resistance caused by down-regulation of insulin receptors or a failure of the pancreas to release insulin even though it is formed, play a role. However, oral antidiabetic... 

Saule H. Insulin-induzierte Odeme bei Adoleszenten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ I. [Insulin-induced edema in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.] Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1991 II6(3I-32) II9I 1. 

Type 1 delodirtase, 734-735, 826,827 Type I diabetes, see insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Type II deiodinase, 735, 826, 827 Type II diabetes, see Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Type fll deiodinase, 735,826,827 Type HI hyperlipoproteinemia, 3S Tyrosine... 

Type 2 Diabetes The noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), i.e., type 2 diabetes, is most abundantly linked with obesity in its adult patients largely. In such a situation, the insulin levels could be either elevated or normal and therefore, in short, it is nothing but a disease of abnormal insulin resistance . However, it has been duly observed that the impact of the disease is relatively... 

Melzig MF, Funke I (2007) Inhibitors of alpha-amylase from plants—a possibility to treat diabetes mellitus type 11 by phytotherapy Wien Med Wochenschr 157(13-14) 320-324 Mishima S, Matsumoto K, Futamura Y, Araki Y, Ito T, Tanaka T, linuma M, Nozawa Y, Akao (2003) Antitumor effect of stilbenoids from Valeria indica against allografted sarcoma S-180 in animal model. J Exp Ther Oncol 3 283-288... 

There are multiple causes of diabetes. Whereas the molecular bases of some forms of diabetes are well understood, in many cases etiologies are unknown. It is customary to divide diabetes into two main forms insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), also referred to as Type I or juvenile-onset diabetes, and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), also called Type II or maturity-onset diabetes (3). 

Rizvi s I and zaid m a (2001), Insulin-like effect of (-)-epicatechin on erythroc)de membrane acetylcholinesterase activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus , Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 28 (9), 776-8. 

The neuropeptide Y (NPY) belongs to a family of peptides that includes peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide, and it is associated with several diseases such as asthma, immune system disorders, inflammatory diseases, anxiety, depression and diabetes mellitus. NPY is found in the central and peripheral nervous system, and its biological functions are mediated by interactions with five receptor sub-types, i.e. Yl, Y2, Y4, Y5 and Y6. Several studies indicate that the feeding behavior is influenced by interactions between NPY and Yl and Y5. Deswal and Roy used Cerius descriptors and genetic function approximation QSAR to investigate the structural determinants for the inhibition potency of 24 compounds with the general structure 4 for the NPY Y5 receptor [31]. The best QSAR (H = 0.720,... 

I. Magnusson, D. L. Rothman, L. D. Katz, R. G. Shulman, and G. I. Shulman, Increased rate of gluconeogenesis in type II diabetes mellitus. A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance study, J. Clin. Invest. 90 1323 (1992). 

Andersson B, Johannsson G, Holm G, Bengtsson BA, Sashegyi A, Pavo I, Mason T, Anderson PW (2002) Raloxifene does not affect insulin sensitivity or glycemic control in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 122-128... 

Raz, I., Eldor, R., and Naparstek, Y., Immune modulation for prevention of type I diabetes mellitus, Trends Biotechnol., 23, 128, 2005. 

Therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is usually achieved by daily subcutaneous injections of insulin, and insulin-mimetics which can be orally administered may be useful for the treatment of type I diabetes (insulin dependent) if suitable complexes of low toxicity can be identified (510, 511). 

Type 1 Autoimmune disease resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. Formerly referred to as juvenile onset diabetes, type I DM or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Ketosis is common in poorly controlled subjects. 

Juvenile onset (type I) diabetes mellitus is caused by the destruction of insulin-producing B cells in the pancreas, necessitating replacement of insulin (daily dose approx. 40 U, equivalent to approx. 1.6 mg). 

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