Oral antidiabetic agents

Finally, attachment of a rather complex side chain to the para position of the benzene ring on the sulfonamide leads to the very potent, long-acting oral antidiabetic agent, glyburide (215). Preparation of this compound starts with the chlorosul-fonation of the acetamide of 3-phenethylamine (209). The resulting sulfonyl chloride (210) is then converted to the sulfonamide (211) and deacylated (212). Reaction with the salicylic acid derivative, 213, in the presence of carbodiimide affords the amide, 214. Condensation of that with cyclohexylisocyanate affords glyburide (215). ... 

The activity of compounds incorporating the biguanide function as oral antidiabetic agents has been alluded to previously. 

Krentz AJ, Bailey CJ (2005) Oral antidiabetic agents current role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drags 65 385-411... 

Sulfonylureas represent the first class of oral antidiabetes agents approved for use in the United States. These drugs are classified as being either first- or second-generation agents. Both classes of sulfonylureas are equally effective when given at... 

Avandia (rosiglitazone) as with other thiazolidinediones is used either as monotherapy or in combination with either metformin or a sulphonylurea. A disadvantage of rosiglitazone is the risk of heart failure as a side-effect. This risk is increased when rosiglitazone is used in patients with cardiovascular disease and when used in combination with insulin. Blood-glucose control may deteriorate temporarily when a thiazolidinedione is substituted for an oral antidiabetic agent. 

Glibenclamide is an oral antidiabetic agent (sulphonylurea). It acts by increasing insulin secretion and is therefore indicated in type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent) where there is pancreatic activity. 

Complications of diabetes FBG, HbAjC/ insulin sensitivity Some oral antidiabetic agents... 

Ofloxacin, 141,142,144,145 Ofomine, 102 Olsalazine, 42 Olvanil, 35 Omeprazole, 133 Oral antidiabetic agent, 3 Oral contraceptives, 66, 68 Orange crush, 62 Organoplatinum complexes, 15 Oxagrelate, 151,152 Oxaprotiline, 63 Oxendolone, 66 Oximonam, 195... 

Patients on other oral antidiabetic agents - No transition period is necessary when transferring patients to the extended-release tablets. Observe patients carefully (1 to 2 weeks) when being transferred from longer half-life sulfonylureas (ie, chlorpropamide) to the extended release tablets due to potential overlapping of drug effect. 

Tolbutamide and phenformin, oral antidiabetic agents, have been analyzed directly on /iBondapak C,s using methanol-water which contained l-heptancsulfonic acid in addition for the phenformin determination (263). 

Oral antidiabetic agents might be indicated in noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), i.e. diabetes Type II where insulin resistance caused by down-regulation of insulin receptors or a failure of the pancreas to release insulin even though it is formed, play a role. However, oral antidiabetic... 

Rifampicin is a potent inducer of cytochrome P450 enzymes and thus can diminish the activity of a multitude of other agents such as warfarin, gluco-corticosteroids, cyclosporin, oral contraceptives and sulphonylurea-type oral antidiabetic agents. 

Combination Therapy—Oral Antidiabetic Agents Injectable Medication... 

Oral antidiabetic agents have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality as compared to treatment with diet alone or diet and insulin... 

Scheen AJ, Lefebvre PJ. Potential pharmacokinetics interference between alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and other oral antidiabetic agents. Diabetes Care 2002 25(l) 247-8. 

Jick SS, Stender M, Myers MW. Frequency of liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral antidiabetic agents. Diabetes Care 1999 22(12) 2067-71. 

Insulin may also be administered in some cases of type 2 diabetes to complement other drugs (oral antidiabetic agents) and to supplement endogenous insulin release.64,70 In type 2 diabetes (NIDDM), exogenous insulin basically makes up the difference between the patient s endogenous hormone production and his or her specific insulin requirement. In addition, many patients with advanced cases of type 2 diabetes ultimately require supplemental insulin because other interventions (diet, exercise, other drugs) are not able to adequately control this disease.35... 

Combination Therapy with Oral Antidiabetic Agents Insulin... 

Fujiwara T, Yoshioka S, Yoshioka T et al. (1988) Characterization of new oral antidiabetic agent CS-045. Studies in KK and ob/ob mice and Zucker fatty rats. Diabetes 37 1549-1558... 

Fujiwara T, Wada M, Fukuda K, Fukami M, Yoshioka S, Yoshioka T, Horikoshi H (1991) Characterization of CS-045, a new oral antidiabetic agent, II. Effects on glycemic control and pancreatic islet structure at a late stage of the diabetic syndrome in C57BL/ksI-db/db mice. Metabolism 40 1213-1218... 

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