Determinants of human behavior

Bouchard, T. J. J. (under review). Exprience producing drive theory How genes drive exprience and shape personality. Acta Paediatrica, Paper presented as part of the Nobel Symposium on Genetic vs. Environmental Determination of Human Behavior and Health, Stockholm Sweden, January 22—24, 1996. 

The reciprocity norm is a powerful determinant of human behavior. Its influence is reflected in the popular expression—"one good turn deserves another" and the well-known Golden Rule—"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." This is another reason to actively care for safety. One good act will likely lead to another. 

As described above, steroid hormones can affect many aspects of human behavior. However, correlations between specific steroid hormones and a given behavior often are weak. Many factors, including genetics, developmental experiences, cognitive states, and context variables determine human behavior, and may of course contribute to behavioral expression. 

Coldfarb, T., M.E. Jarvik, and S.D. Click Cigarette nicotine content as a determinant of human smoking behavior Psychopharmacology 17 (1970) 89-93. 

Other issues that management cited as needing more attention included worker accountability and the importance of human behavior as a determinant of safety outcomes. One corporate safety official also said that the industry must get even better at training. However, the safety issues most frequently cited by management as needing attention in the future were fatigue and the need to attract new employees into the industry. One respondent explained ... 

An evaluation method to determine the probability that a system-required human action, task, or job will be successfully completed within the required time period and that no extraneous human actions detrimental to system performance will be performed. It provides quantitative estimates of human error potential due to work environment, human-machine interfaces, and required operational tasks. Such an evaluation can identify weaknesses in operator interfaces with a system, quantitatively demonstrate improvements in human interfaces, improve system evaluations by including human elements, and demonstrate quantitative prediction of human behavior. See also ATHEANA (A Technique for Human Error Analysis) Human Error Analysis. 

The aroma of fmit, the taste of candy, and the texture of bread are examples of flavor perception. In each case, physical and chemical stmctures ia these foods stimulate receptors ia the nose and mouth. Impulses from these receptors are then processed iato perceptions of flavor by the brain. Attention, emotion, memory, cognition, and other brain functions combine with these perceptions to cause behavior, eg, a sense of pleasure, a memory, an idea, a fantasy, a purchase. These are psychological processes and as such have all the complexities of the human mind. Flavor characterization attempts to define what causes flavor and to determine if human response to flavor can be predicted. The ways ia which simple flavor active substances, flavorants, produce perceptions are described both ia terms of the physiology, ie, transduction, and psychophysics, ie, dose-response relationships, of flavor (1,2). Progress has been made ia understanding how perceptions of simple flavorants are processed iato hedonic behavior, ie, degree of liking, or concept formation, eg, crispy or umami (savory) (3,4). However, it is unclear how complex mixtures of flavorants are perceived or what behavior they cause. Flavor characterization involves the chemical measurement of iadividual flavorants and the use of sensory tests to determine their impact on behavior. 

Effect. Biomarkers of effects are not available for trichloroethylene. There is no clinical disease state that is unique to trichloroethylene exposure. Interpretation of the behavioral observations in humans is complicated by many factors, such as possible irritant effects of the odor and nonspecific effects on the nervous system (e.g., fatigue). Further studies in this area would be useful in determining the exposure levels that may be... 

A9-THC and its main metabolites are detected and quantified in forensic samples. Determination of these compounds in human beings is needed to make decision on abuse of A9-THC-containing drugs by individuals. A careful interpretation of the results is very important to avoid fallacies with regard to the behavior of individuals. The Cannabis influence factor (GIF), for example, is an useful tool for distinguishing between acute and chronic intake of A9-THC [98]. 

One way in which archaeologists have attempted to circumvent the danger of possible misassociation of sample with cultural event is to obtain a 14C determination directly on the cultural item itself. In certain contexts, however, an even more fundamental question is whether the phenomena in question can be related to human behavior at all. This, for example, is one of the basic questions that continues to arise in discussions concerning the antiquity of Homo sapiens in the Western Hemisphere. 

The adsorption behavior of the psychotropic drug flunitrazepam (256) at the hanging mercury drop electrode was studied by staircase voltammetry and by adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry. 256 can be determined down to nanomolar levels by using adsorptive preconcentration prior to the differential pulse voltammetry scan. The method was applied to determination of 256 in human urine530. 

In humans, studies of hormone and behavior interactions affecting maternal behavior have been limited to correlations between endogenous hormones and a variety of behavioral events normally associated with childbirth. Individual differences, of largely unknown origins, have a major impact on human parental behavior. In addition, child rearing experience is a powerful positive determinant of maternal responsivity, and the social environment, including the presence of supportive companions, can affect subsequent mother-infant interactions (Sosa, et al., 1980). 

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