Differential pulse-stripping voltammetry

A hanging electrolyte drop has also been applied to determine ionic species in solution using differential-pulse-stripping voltammetry procedures [69]. Particular emphasis was given to assessing the selectivity and sensitivity of the method. The technique of current-scan polarography has also been applied in the study of electron-transfer [70] and coupled electron-transfer-ion-transfer [71,72] reactions at the ITIES in this configuration. 

Electrochemical preconcentration can be achieved in the following two different ways, depending on whether differential pulse stripping voltammetry (differential pulse ASV) or adsorption differential pulse voltammetry has been applied. 

Other groups of elements that have been determined in seawater by differential pulse stripping voltammetry include cadmium, copper, andzinc [796] copper, lead, and cadmium [797] and zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper [773,798]. 

The technique of differential pulse stripping voltammetry has been developed for the determination of plutonium in nitric acid solutions [117]. The successful determination of plutonium was demonstrated... 

At the hanging mercury drop electrode, not all the metal is stripped during the potential scan. The peak current for differential pulse stripping voltammetry at the hanging mercury drop electrode is proportional to the pulse amplitude AE [6] ... 

DPP differential pulse polarography DPSV differential pulse stripping voltammetry... 

Scholz, F., Nitschke, L. and Henrion, G. (1987) Determination of mercury traces by differential-pulse stripping voltammetry after sorption of mercury vapour on a gold-plated electrode. Anal. Chim. Acta, 199,167-171. 

A number of different stripping procedures have been divised but only two are of great significance - dc or linear sweep stripping voltammetry, and differential pulse stripping voltammetry. These require exactly the same instrumentation as dc polarography and differential pulse polarography. 

One of the main limitations of dc or linear sweep stripping voltammetry lies in the base line. There is a significant capacitive current as the potential of the electrode is changed. Differential pulse stripping voltammetry offers a much better differentiation of faradaic current signal and noise such as capacitive current. 

Fig. 4.3b. The profile of the potential pulse and current measurement in differential pulse stripping voltammetry...

These interfering effects can be minimised or avoided by reducing the deposition time and the total amount of metal deposited. This would of course mean a loss of sensitivity, but use of differential pulse stripping voltammetry can offset this. The use of a hanging mercury drop electrode with its larger mercury volume offers less intermetallic interference than does the mercury film electrode. Careful choice of a deposition potential can also sometimes prevent the codeposition of metals forming intermetallic compounds. 

D. Nguyen, P. Valenta and H. W. Niirnberg, Voltammetry in the analysis of atmospheric pollutants. The determination of toxic trace metals in rain water and snow by differential pulse stripping voltammetry, Sci.Tot.Environm., 12 35 (1979). 

After previous enrichment at a ranging mercury drop electrode, metals can he determined using differential pulse-stripping voltammetry. Detection limits are of the order of 0.05 pg/1. 

This system is governed via AutoAnalysis software that allows the implementation of a number of polarographic and voltammetric techniques ranging in complexity from amperometry with three electrodes to anodic or cathodic differential pulse stripping voltammetry. 

Differential pulse stripping voltammetry Hanging mercury drop or mercury film Stopped flow Extremely sensitive... 

C. Billing, D.R. Groot, J.F. van Staden, Determination of arsenic in gold samples using matrix exchange differential pulse stripping voltammetry. Anal. Chim. Acta 453 (2002) 201—208. 

In this communication our attempts to exploit the electrolysis at ITIES for analytical purposes are described. As examples the determination of acetylcholine, tetraethylammonium, calcium, barium and strontium cations by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) at the hanging electrolyte drop electrode (HEDE) will be presented. 

Strutwolf J, Scanlon MD, Arrigan DW (2010) The performance of differential pulse stripping voltammetry at micro-liquid-liquid interface arrays. J Electroanal Chem 641 7-13... 

Inam, R. and Somer, G. (2000) A direct method for the determination of selenium and lead in cow s milk by differential pulse stripping voltammetry. Food Chem., 69, 345-350. 

Kizek R, Havran L, Fojta M, Palecek E (2002) Determination of nanogram quantities of osmium-labeled single stranded DNA by differential pulse stripping voltammetry. 

Deng W, Tan Y, Fang Z, Xie Q, Li Y, Liang X, Yao S (2009) ABTS-multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite/Bi fihn electrode for sensitive determination of Cd and Pb by differential pulse stripping voltammetry. Electroanalysis 21 2477-2485... 

Lowe TA, Hedberg J, Lundin M, Wold S, Wallinder lO (2013) Chemical speciation measurements of silver ions in alkaline carbonate electrolytes using differential pulse stripping voltammetry on glassy carbon cmnpared with ion-selective electrode measurements, brt J Electrochem Sci 8 3851-3865... 

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