Caustic chemicals

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Lunar caustic Chemical Formula AgNOj. 

Big River Zinc Corporation, 201, 220 Bihar Caustic Chemicals Ltd., 170 Bilbaina de Alquitranes, 202 Billiton Pic, See BHP Billiton Pic (UK), 207 BIMOL Research Laboratories Inc., 220 Biochemie GmbH, 143 BIODAC , ethylene oxide, 25 Biphenyl, 25... 

Assess for the safety of others and potential for violence. If accompanied by friends or family with whom the patient is living, ask them to remove from the home all guns, caustic chemicals, medications, and objects the person might use to harm self or others. Risk factors for suicide include severity of depression, feelings of hopelessness, comorbid personality disorder, and a history of a previous suicide attempt.19... 

Sodium hydroxide (NaOFI), also called lye, soda lye, or caustic soda to distinguish it from potassium hydroxide (potash lye), is another important base. Flistorically, lye was obtained from the ashes of wood and used to make soap. Lye, however, is an extremely caustic chemical. It can cause serious chemical burns if it comes into contact with the skin and permanent blindness if it gets into the eyes. People had to be very careful while making the soap. They also had to make sure they got the mixture of lye and animal fat (lard) correct to keep from hurting themselves and their families. Because of its caustic (corrosive) nature, sodium hydroxide is also used as the active ingredient in oven and drain cleaners. 

Chemical cleaning baths are used in large-scale plants and are extremely efficient but are hazardous in use, requiring the usual safety precautions associated with caustic chemicals. 

Salt baths can also be applied to mould cleaning. They are efficient in use but have the hazards associated with high temperature caustic chemicals. 

It is used to manufacture both hard and soft soaps, as a bleaching agent, and where a highly caustic chemical is required. 

Caustic materials contained in the admixtures can cause reactions on exposed skin, ranging from mild irritation to severe bums. Most of the ingredients are classed as primary irritants. With liquid admixtures, bums can occur immediately. Because of the serious hazard to exposed skin and eyes, personal equipment is required for all those in the vicinity of the shotcrete machine and nozzle. These include long-sleeved shirt or coveralls. In addition, prior to shooting, protective cream or lotion should be applied to skin areas likely to be exposed to the caustic chemicals. A suggested treatment is to wash exposed skin with water and rinse with vinegar followed by treatment with a protective cream. All exposures to the eye require the immediate attention of a physician immediate action would be to flush the eye with copious amounts of water [120, 121]. 

Pollutants from point sources domestic sewage (detergents), industrial effluents (synthetic organics, metal cyanides, metals, caustic chemicals), landfill waste disposal (metallic ions, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, and synthetic organics). 

CAUSTIC (Chemical). A corrosive substance, almost always of an alkaline nature, such as sodium hydroxide, NaOH potassium hydroxide. KOH or calcium oxide, CaO. Such substances attack many metals, plastics, and other materials, including human tissue, and generally fall in the category of corrosives. 

The gastrointestinal tract may be regarded as a tube through the body from the mouth to the anus, the contents of which are external to the rest of the organism system. Therefore, any systemic effect of a toxicant requires its absorption through the mucosal cells that line the inside of the gastrointestinal tract. Caustic chemicals can destroy or damage the internal surface of the tract and are viewed as nonkinetic poisons that act mainly at the site of exposure. 

To deliver non-caustic chemicals,try an ordinary balloon. A balloon full of ordinary alcohol will make a nice hemisphere of fire when it pops. For semi-caustic liquids perhaps a rubber glove might work, being stronger. 

Magnesium ion poses no threat to the environment and in fact may have a beneficial impact as it is a minor nutrient essential for plant growth. Accidental spills of magnesium hydroxide will not create any significant damage since the material is not caustic. Spills of lime, hydrated lime, and sodium hydroxide are very caustic chemicals and can cause immediate environmental damage, both to plant and animal life. 

EPIHYDRIN ALCOHOL (556-52-5) CjHjOj The pure material or a solution in water is sensitive to moisture, light, and temperature it may polymerize when heated above room temperature. Combustible and polymerizable liquid (flash point 158°F/70°C). Reacts violently with strong oxidizers. Contact with strong acids, bases, caustics, chemically active metals (aluminum, copper, zinc, etc.), metal salts, trichloroethylene, especially in the presence of heat, can cause polymerization or exothermic decomposition. Incompatible with nitrates. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. 

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Generally stable combustible, but burns with difficulty reacts violently with acetone, liquid and gaseous oxygen, aluminum, strong caustics, chemically active metals, sodium and sodium hydroxide attacks natural rubber FP (not available) AT (537 C) LFL (7.0%) UFL (16.0%). 

Only a small percentage of inflammation is caused by infection from microorganisms. Trauma, surgery, extreme heat or cold, electricity, and caustic chemicals cause most inflammation. 

Incompatibilities and Reactivities Strong caustics chemically-active metals such as aluminum or magnesium powder, sodium potassium strong oxidizers [Note When heated to decomposition, fornis phosgene gas]... 

Strong oxidizers caustics chemically-aluminum powder, sodium potassium to vinyl chloride MCI above 111 2"F.]... 

Incompatibilities and Reactivities Strong oxidizers caustics chemically-active metals (such as aluminum, magnesium powders, sodium potassium) ... 

Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis and acute caustic chemical or acid injuries are the most common toxin-related skin problems. Systemic toxicity may occur (p 157) but is not a common complicating factor. 

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