Detection of antibody

Experimental methods for determining the potential of materials to produce hypersensitivity reactions by inhalation use procedures to detect hyperreactivity of the airways as demonstrated by marked changes in resistance to air flow, and the detection of antibodies in blood semm (93). 

Daehne C., Sutherland R.M., Place J.F., Ringrose A.S., Detection of antibody-antigen reactions at a glass-liquid interface a novel fiber-optic sensor concept, Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc.Opt. Eng. 1984 514 75. 

T. Konry, A. Novoa, Y. Shemer-Avni, N. Hanuka, S. Cosnier, A. Lepellec, and R.S. Marks, Optical fiber immunosensor based on a poly(pyrrole-benzophenone) film for the detection of antibodies to viral antigen. Anal. Chem. 77, 1771-1779 (2005). 

In dentistry, silicones are primarily used as dental-impression materials where chemical- and bioinertness are critical, and, thus, thoroughly evaluated.546 The development of a method for the detection of antibodies to silicones has been reviewed,547 as the search for novel silicone biomaterials continues. Thus, aromatic polyamide-silicone resins have been reviewed as a new class of biomaterials.548 In a short review, the comparison of silicones with their major competitor in biomaterials, polyurethanes, has been conducted.549 But silicones are also used in the modification of polyurethanes and other polymers via co-polymerization, formation of IPNs, blending, or functionalization by grafting, affecting both bulk and surface characteristics of the materials, as discussed in the recent reviews.550-552 A number of papers deal specifically with surface modification of silicones for medical applications, as described in a recent reference.555 The role of silicones in biodegradable polyurethane co-polymers,554 and in other hydrolytically degradable co-polymers,555 was recently studied. 

Agglutination Particulate or cellular Mainly qualitative Blood grouping Detection of antibodies... 

Through van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions, CNTs were functionalised and made water soluble by the strong adsorption of phospholipids (PLs) grafted onto amino-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG). The group of Dai bound nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and proteins to CNTs for specific detection of antibodies (Chen et al., 2003 Kam et al., 2005a, b Liu et al., 2007b). 

V. Hlady, J. N. Lin, and J. D. Andrade, Spatially resolved detection of antibody-antigen reaction on solid/liquid interlace using total internal reflection excited antigen fluorescence and charge-coupled device detection, Biosens. Bioelectron. 5,291-301 (1990). 

R. M. Sutherland, C. Dahne, J. F. Place, and A. S. Ringrose, Optical detection of antibody-antigen reactions at a glass-liquid interface, Clin. Chem. 30, 1533-1538 (1984). 

Musiani, M., Zerbini, M., Plazzi, M., Gentilomi, G., and LaPlaca, M. (1988) Immunocytochemical detection of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen by a streptavidin-biotin-complex assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26, 1005-1008. 

Kolusheva S, Kafri R, Katz M, Jelinek R. Rapid colorimetric detection of antibody-epitope recognition at a biomimetic membrane interface. J Am Chem Soc 2001 123 417-422. 

Nguyen VK, Maes RF (1993) Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to bovine leukemia virus in serum and miUc. Clin Microbiol N4 979-981... 

Du Pont s medical diagnostics and pharmaceutical businesses are underpinned by substantial basic research in molecular biology and biochemistry. For example, Du Pont recently announced an improved, more reliable test for detection of antibodies to the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In another program the protein interleukin-2 produced in Du Pont s laboratories by recombinant DNA methods is being used in some very promising cancer research. 

When optimized, the screening test can detect very low concentrations of antibodies (up to a few ng/ mL [12]). This could lead to the detection of antibodies secreted by lymphocytes still present in the culture medium during the few days following fusion. We thus recommend that the screening test be performed at least 10 d after fusion and that the culture medium be changed at least twice during this period. 

There are certain circumstances in which it is convenient to be able to dissociate the antibodies from a Western blot after detection of antibody-antigen complexes. If, for example, the experiment gives an unexpected... 

Detection of Antibody-Antigen Complexes Using Radiolabeled Secondary Antibody... 

ELISA Quantifiable detection of antibody/antigen from lysed cells, serum or culture media Inexpensive equipment, relatively quick and very sensitive Yes... 

The development of optical immunosensors for the detection of antibody of HCY was performed by electrogeneration of the photoactive polypyrrole on ITO-modified optical fibers followed by internal light irradiation in the presence of the virus. The resulting layer of HCY can act as an antigen for the detection of the anti-HCV antibody. After the immunoreaction, the subsequent binding of a marker, a secondary peroxidase-labeled antibody, allowed to catalyze a chemiluminescence reaction in the presence of luminol and H202 [59]. 

Rand, J.H., Wu, X.X., Lapinski, R., van Heerde, W.L., Reutelingsperger, C.P., Chen, P.P., and T.L. Ortel, 2004, Detection of antibody-mediated reduction of annexin A5 anticoagulant activity in plasmas of patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood.l04(9) 2783-90. 

If the technique is to be used for the detection of antibodies in serum for example (which will be polyclonal by nature) a polyclonal antibody may be preferable in order to compete more effectively with the antibody in the serum. Batch to batch variation in polyclonal antibodies, does, however, make the establishment of the ELISA more difficult and each the assay must be optimized every time a new batch is prepared. Antibodies may be aliquoted and frozen at -20°C or lower in small, usable quantities. 

Saleh, O.A., Sohn, L.L., Direct detection of antibody-antigen binding using an on-chip artificial pore. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100, 820-824. 

A number of methods have been developed to permit assessment of folate and vitamin B12 nutritional status and to differentiate between deficiency of the vitamins as a cause of megaloblastic anemia. Obviously, detection of antibodies to intrinsic factor or gastric parietal cells will confirm autoimmune pernicious anemia rather than nutritional deficiency of either vitamin. 

For the detection of antibodies in electron microscopy, ferritin was introduced as a label by Singer in 1959 . The coupling can be performed with xylylene diisocyanate or toluene diisocyanate This procedure was later further modified and some methods were even published as patents... 

Amebiasis is diagnosed by finding the cysts of Entamoeba histolytica in a stool specimen examined under a microscope. Because the number of cysts in the stool can change from day to day, and cysts may not even be in every stool specimen, sometimes more than one stool specimen must be obtained for examination. A blood test is also available for detection of antibodies against the parasite. 

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