Nuclear antigens

Fischer-Smith T, Croul S, Adeniyi A, Rybicka K, MorgeUo S, Khalili K, Rappaport J (2004) Macrophage/microgUal accumulation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the central nervous system in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy. Am J Pathol 164(6) 2089-2099... 

PCA Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis pCDM8 Eukaryotic expression vector PCNA Proliferating cell nuclear antigen... 

Cheng, HC, Chien, H, Liao, CF1, Yang, YY, and Huang, SY, 2007. Carotenoids suppress proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1 expression in oral carcinogenic models. JNutr Biochem 18, 667-675. 

Yao, C., Bohnet, S. and Jasmer, D.P. (1998) Host nuclear abnormalities and depletion of nuclear antigens induced in Trichinella spiralis-miected muscle cells by the anthelmintic mebendazole. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 96, 1-13. 

Stichocyte development p43 synthesis Nuclear antigen detection... 

Gill SK, Ishak M, Rylett RJ. Exposure of nuclear antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded necropsy human spinal cord tissue detection of NeuN. /. Neurosci. Meth. 2005 148 26-35. 

PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen HE, hematoxylin and eosin. 

Frozen sections fixed in acetone have been a favored alternative to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) material in critical IHC work, to the point where this was considered the standard against which other fixatives were compared. Recent studies37,38 have now cast doubt on that status, showing that many antigens perform equally well after FFPE (with or without AR) and that nuclear antigens in particular fare better, perhaps because some proteins may be extracted by solvent fixatives. 

Shin HJ, Shin DM, Shah T, et al. Methods in pathology. Optimization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemical staining by microwave heating in zinc sulfate solution. Mod. Pathol. 1994 7 242-248. 

Gao Z, Matsuo H, Wang Y, Nakago S, Maruo T (2001) Up-regulation by IGF-I of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Bcl-2 protein expression in human uterine leiomyoma cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 5593-5599... 

Nuclear-specific proteins, such as Ki-67 (MIB-1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and protein 53 have an essential role in cell proliferation and are widely accepted proliferation marker. They are present in all dividing cells of normal and tumor tissues, but absent in resting cells. 

T2. Titius, B. R., Thiele, J., Schaefer, H., Freipe, H., and Fischer, R., Kl-Sl and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression of bone marrow macrophages. Acta Haematol. 91(3), 144— 149 (1994). 

Peterson, S. R., D. M. Gadbois, E. M. Bradbury, and P. M. Kraemer. 1995. Immortalization of human fibroblasts by SV40 large T antigen results in the reduction of cyclin D1 expression and subunit association with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Wafl. Cancer Res 55(20) 4651-7. 

One fascinating observation is that PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) can be modified by multiple forms of ubiquitin, demonstrating that DUBs with different specificities can act at the same location on a specific substrate. PCNA can be modified by mono-ubiquitin, 63-linked polyubiquitin, or SUMO at K164 [89]. Modification of PCNA by mono- or polyubiquitin determines whether it is utilized in translesion synthesis or error-free DNA repair, respectively. SUMO modification prevents PCNA function in DNA repair and instead promotes DNA replication. It is probable that multiple DUBs, as yet unidentified, are required to regulate PCNA modification. 

Musiani, M., Zerbini, M., Plazzi, M., Gentilomi, G., and LaPlaca, M. (1988) Immunocytochemical detection of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen by a streptavidin-biotin-complex assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26, 1005-1008. 

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