Design-for-environment

WASTE MINIMIZATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT, MATERIAL SUBSTITUTION, DEMATERIALIZATION,... 

The terms of zero emission, zero discharge, cleaner production, waste minimization, pollution prevention, design for environment, material substitution, and dematerialization are all closely related, and each is self-explanatory. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), and other national and international organizations at different periods of time have promoted each [8,19,23,30-34,39-46]. 

After the materials flows and environmental impacts of a product or a process have been assessed, the next step is to design a strategy for improvement. The techniques for doing so are generically called design for environment (DFE) (Fava et al., 1992). 

The relatively new field of industrial ecology provides a useful organizing framework for DEE (Lowe, 1993). Design for Environment (DEE) is the terminology for the third component of the LCA life-cycle improvement assessment. The principle of sustainable development suggests that companies or individuals should try both to minimize the consumption of virgin natural resources and to minimize the generation of waste material that has no productive use. 

Fiksel, J., Ed. (1996) Design for Environment Creating Eco-Efficient Products and Processes, McGraw-Hill, New York. 

Design for Environment Approaches to Risk Reduction Identifying and Encouraging the Use of Safer Chemistry... 

The U.S. EPA Design for Environment (DfE) program is in place to work in partnership with a broad range of stakeholders to better understand the environmental health and safety aspects of materials.92 One potential outcome of this is to reduce risk to people and the environment by preventing pollution. Three of the EPA s DfE programs include or are focused on flame-retardants. They include the following ... 

T. E. Graedel and B. R. Allenby, Design for Environment, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1996. 

Design for Environment Design for environment means designing products and services with the environment in mind. It aims to minimize adverse environmental impacts throughout the entire life cycle of a product and integrates cleaner, cheaper, and smarter designs and solutions into everyday business practices. 

Friedlander, S. K., The two faces of technology Changing perspectives in design for environment. In Industrial Ecology (B. Allenby, ed.). National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1994 (in press). 

Washington State PBT PBT Chemicals Final Rule Design for Environment (DfE) International Joint Commission" OSPAR PBT Definition European Union (EU) REACH"— Substances of Very High Concern Stockholm Convention on POPs ... 

The Green Screen list of hazards most closely tracks the hazards incorporated into the US ERA Design for Environment (DfE) Program s summary assessment of alternatives to the brominated flame retardant, pentaBDE. Table 2 lists the hazards included in both the US ERA DfE program s summary assessment of pentaBDE alternatives and the Green Screen. For definitions of the hazards in Table 2 see Appendix 1. 

Hazards US EPA Design for Environment (DfE) Program Green Screen List of Hazards... 

See Table 4-1 in US Environmental Protection Agency, Design for Environment Program. 2005. Environmental Profiles of Chemical Elame-Retardant Alternatives for Low-Density Polyurethane Eoam, http //www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/flameret/ffr-alt.htm (accessed January 10,2007). 

Sheng, P., and Worhach, P. (1998), A Process Chaining Approach toward Product Design for Environment, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 35-55. 

Design for environment, 527 Design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA), 403... 

Bevilacqua, M., et al., 2012. Design for Environment as a Tool for the Development of a Sustainable Supply Chain, Chapter 10 Case Study A Carbon Footprint Analysis in Textile Supply Chain. Springer-Verlag London Limited, http //dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-l-4471-2461-0 10, pp. 219-239. 

Design for Environment, World Industry Council for the Environment (WICE), Paris, France (1994). 

Design for Environment Tool Boothrovd Dewhurst Inc, USA and TNG. The Netherlands Product analysis with respect to disassembly. Cost-benefit analysis for desi optimisation... 

J. Fiksel, Design for Environment an Integrated Systems Approach in proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, Arlington, VA, USA, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, pp. 126-131 (1993). 

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