Design Deficiency Evaluation

When a navigation project element fails to perform as intended or experiences frequent shutdowns or excessive maintenance, a review of the design is normally undertaken. This review can suggest structural or operational changes. However, for a Design Deficiency designation, the 

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Design deficiency evaluation if failure occurs during design life. 

A traditional checklist analysis uses a list of specific items to identify known types of hazards, design deficiencies, and potential accident scenarios associated with common process equipment and operations. The method can be used to evaluate materials, equipment, or procedures. Checklists are most often used to evaluate a specific design with which a company or industry has a significant amount of experience, but they can also be used at earlier stages of development for entirely new processes to identify and eliminate hazards that have been recognized through operation and evaluation of similar systems. To be most useful, checklists should be tailored specifically for an individual facility, process, or product. 

Two later studies attempted to amend some of these deficiencies. One study by W. H. Nelson and colleagues [1984] used a double-blind randomized design to evaluate response in 13 patients with PMD and 12 patients with NPMD who received 150 mg of either imipramine or amitriptyline over a 4-week period. At the end of this trial, 2 of 13 patients with PMD had a Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [M. Hamilton 1960] score of less than 8 [complete remission of symptoms], whereas 7 of 12 patients with NPMD had achieved remission. 

A similar trend was observed in two longitudinal studies carried out by our research group in a series of women living in a moderately iodine-deficient region of Sicily. These studies were designed to evaluate changes in... 

After evaluating the planned barriers as well as the influencing factors, then, the assessment of the occupational hazards within the defined susceptible hazards/risks exposed area need to be performed. The susceptible hazards/risks exposed area can be defined as per expert s judgement (opinions) and past experience. For example, a checklist analysis which is an experience based approach, can be used to identify known types of occupational hazards, potential accident situations, or design deficiencies (Neogy et al., 1996). Thereafter, the hazards needs to be classified as well as prioritise based on the standards, regulations and statutory requirements. 

All levels of command, from the company to ASF headquarters, were involved in the supervision of unit training. Formal control measures, designed to evaluate training and to correct deficiences, were instituted by UTC headquarters, by the service command, by the OC CWS, and by the... 

This technique identifies software-related design deficiencies through analysis of process flow-charting. It also identifies areas for verificationAralidation and test evaluation (Tarrents, 1980). 

The design of industrial-scale collectors still rests essentially on empirical or semiempirical methods, although it is increasingly guided by concepts derived from theory. Existing theoretical models frequently embody constants that must be evaluated by experiment and that may actually compensate for deficiencies in the models. 

The design methods de.scribed above rely on correlations of the overall reactor average quantities obtained from experimental tanks of different scales. The most important deficiency of these methods is that local effects are not taken into consideration, while these might be responsible for the overall reactor performance. Accordingly, if none of the above scale-up criteria is found satisfactory (see e.g. data of Middleton et ai, 1986) a more fundamental approach must be applied, although not necessarily as complex as the one presented in Section 5.4.S.2. Such an approach was presented by Paul et al. (1971) who found that the yield of the desired intermediate in a system of consecutive reactions (iodination of L-tjrosine) correlates reasonably with fluctuations of the velocity, So, these fluctuations could be chosen as a criterion for scale-up of the reactor. The average value for u in the upper part of the tank was evaluated from ... 

In all the preceding evaluations, it is prudent to first employ a redox system that is known to be reversible and free from the complications of coupled chemical reactions and adsorption. Deficiencies in the electronics and/or cell design will thus be revealed before the critical experiments are begun. Typical... 

Many specialists in SRVs and systems agree that as a practical matter, conventional PHA methods are not always the most effective tools for evaluating pressure relief systems. They also conclude that the pressure relief system design process could be improved. Working closely with a lot of the design firms, I concluded that they merely try to comply with the codes at a minimum cost and care very little about LCC (life cycle cost) of the components. This puts pressure later on the end users maintenance departments usually, these employees have little or no input in the selection of design components whose problems ultimately end up in their laps. In my opinion, it is recommended that, in order to reduce this deficiency rate, the industry should adopt a more equipment-based approach to pressure relief system design and maintenance... 

A host of laboratory QC checks are encoded into data qualifier conventions designed to indicate specific QC deficiencies. Different laboratories may have different letters for identifying the same non-compliant events. The meaning of the data qualifier must be explicitly annotated in the reported data. During data evaluation in the assessment phase of the data collection process, the data user will determine the effect of these deficiencies on data quality and usability. 

Designing a corrective action plan—Along with the ability to audit and evaluate the status of documentation and organizational practices is the need to know how to address and correct deficiencies that are identified. Audit activities should always be paired with the development of a comprehensive enhancement plan that addresses, corrects, and prevents all deficient practices observed during the audit. An audit without this corrective and preventative counterpart is at best useless and at worst quite dangerous if the noted deficiencies go uncorrected. 

Sufficient versus insufficient evidence. Three generic criteria are applied to describe data that are insufficient (1) there are no data, (2) deficiency in study design or insufficient detail available to allow analysis, and P) data are insufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. The evaluative process requires a uvight of evidence approach to determine (insufficiency of data as summarized in a narrative document. The evaluation process determines whether the collective toxicity data ore (insufficient to judge that there is an adverse effect under specified exposure conditions or whether the data are (insufficient to conclude the absence of adverse effects under specified exposure condition. 

Zinc is a required mineral nutrient in the diet of animals and the signs and effects of a dietary deficiency have been described in several species ( ). Nutritional zinc deficiency has also been described in humans (2). Signs of nutritional zinc deficiency may be manifest even though the individual is consuming an amount of dietary zinc that exceeds the usually designated requirement (2). Thus, bloavailabillty of dietary zinc is a factor that must be evaluated in considering adequacy of dietary intake (jl). 

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