Flow chart, process

The work papers for the analysis are the pipeline and instrument flow charts (hereafter referred to as PI flow charts), process descriptions, and operating manuals. In checking the technical system to see whether applicable technical regulations have been observed, a division into subsystems may be practical. The subdivision will be dictated by technical regulations. The procedure will be as follows ... 

Figure C2.11.1. A flow chart summarizing tire ceramic design and manufacturing process.

Finally, a model has to be tested using an independent data set with compounds yet completely unknown to the model the test set. The complete process of building a prediction model is depicted in Figure 10.1-1 as a flow chart. 

Figure 10.1-1. Flow chart for the general model building process in QSPR studies.

The first industrial hardboard was developed by W. Mason in the mid-1920s he found that a mat of wet fiber pressed in a hot press would produce a self-bonded flat panel with good strength, durabiUty, and stabiUty. The product was patented in 1928, trademarked as Masonite, and commercial production began. Over time several other processes for producing hardboards have been developed from modifications of the original process. Brief descriptions of these processes foUow and a flow chart of the process is shown in Figure 5. 

The performance of black powder is critically dependent on the degree of intimacy of the components in the product. The manufacture of black powder is essentially a procedure for bringing the ingredients into maximum mutual contact. A detailed flow chart for the conventional process is presented in Figure 10. 

Fig. 2. Generalized process flow chart for the thermal treatment of soHd wastes. To a certain extent, steps 2, 3, 4, and 5 always proceed in parallel because...

Whereas the production flow charts of inorganic pigments appear to be simple, the actual processes can be very compHcated. Many pigments are not pure chemical compounds, but can be multiphase systems contaminated with various impurities and modifiers. Because pigments are fine powders, the physical properties are as critical to their appHcation performance as are the chemical properties. 

Fig. 3. Flow chart for the sulfate process for production of the pigment titanium white.

Chloride Process. The flow chart of the chloride process is presented in Figure 4. In the chloride process, finely ground mtile reacts with chlorine in the presence of calcined petroleum coke. At a temperature between 800 and 1200°C, the following reaction occurs ... 

C to give the expected 2-methyl-1-butene in high selectivites (24). The AI2O2 catalyzed process can be optimized to give di- -pentyl ether as the exclusive product (23). Dehydration of 1-pentanol over an alkah metal promoted AI2O2 catalyst at 300—350°C provides 1-pentene at selectivities of 92% (29,30). Purification produces polymerization grade (99.9% purity) 1-pentene. A flow chart has been shown for a pilot-plant process (29). 

Seven of the tools of quahty have been summarized (43). The first tool is a flow chart, used to help understand the organizational flow of a procedure or process. A flow chart should be constmcted with the fiiU participation of the people who do the work. Its principal benefit is to enable teams, such as problem-solving or productivity improvement teams, to reach a common vision of the work flow. Its use enables the improvement effort to begin with this common understanding. Figure 3 contains an example for manufacture of a polymeric material. 

Answers to the first question can be illustrated by giving some examples (see Table 1). Eastman Chemical reengineered its innovation process and doubled the value of its R D portfoho (71—74). A team at Eastman was asked to provide (/) an assessment of the then-current innovation process, (2) a vision of the ideal process, (J) a flow chart of the modified process, (4) measures of the process, and (5) key roles and responsibihties. The team identified four main subprocesses needs identification, concept development, implementation, and market development. 

An important part of the decision-making tool flow chart (see Fig. 1) is the redefinition of the specifications by the sensor customer after the surveying and testing of commercial sensor systems. This process almost always involves a downgrading of the expectations of the sensor customer, but it can also force a reaUstic evaluation of what sensor information really needs to be made available and at what cost. 

The flow chart on the next page graphically represents the use of concepts presented in this chapter. As each tolling project is unique, your application of the guidance can be tailored to describe the process as it applies to your company. 

Figure 2.13 Process capability map construction flow chart...

Understand the model. Review the model program and develop an understanding of how it really works. It is often useful to draw a flow chart of the model process to be sure you completely understand it. 

Decision making may involve calculations, reference to procedures and past experience, and other demands on long-term memory. This contributes further to the overall mental workload. From the HF/E perspective, many errors are likely to arise from information processing overload, essentially from the mismatch between demands and capabilities. Information-processing demands can be reduced by the provision of information in the form of job aids such as flow charts or decision trees. 

FIGURE 2.8. Flow Chart for Classifying Skill-, Rule-, and Knowledge-Based Processing. 

In some cases, you may find that process mapping is impossible or of little value. For example, it may quickly become evident that the gaps in coverage are so large that there will be little value to continuing with process mapping. In other cases, you may have process maps or flow charts already available to you. In such situations, the team will need to verify that the maps or charts are still current and complete. 

For both process mapping and flow charting you can collect the information you need by asking each interviewee ... 

Flow charts may be developed through interviews or by assembling a group familiar with the existing processes. A facilitator helps the team identify all the process steps and builds up a representation of the overall process on a board using removable sticky notes. The resulting flow chart, Exhibit 3-5, has a more familiar look than that in Exhibit 3-4. 

Exhibit 3-5. Sample Management Process Flow Chart for Xmple, Inc. Developing and Issuing a PSM Procedure... 

An illustrative flow chart of the entire procedure of the blending processing is shown in Scheme 1. 

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