Data qualifiers

The HR-ICPMS cation analytical results are a robust dataset that is remarkably free of data qualifiers for 32 of the 63 cations analyzed an additional 14 cations have <20% censored data. Further, the low-level data have consistent map distribution patterns that make sense geologically. Described below are patterns for several possible porphyry-related elements. 

Data qualification consists of placing a data qualifier, also known as a data flag, next to the numerical value that is uncertain. Data qualifiers are usually the letters of the Latin alphabet. The most common data qualifier is U, used to identify undetected compounds as illustrated in Table 4.2. 

A host of laboratory QC checks are encoded into data qualifier conventions designed to indicate specific QC deficiencies. Different laboratories may have different letters for identifying the same non-compliant events. The meaning of the data qualifier must be explicitly annotated in the reported data. During data evaluation in the assessment phase of the data collection process, the data user will determine the effect of these deficiencies on data quality and usability. 

In the course of data validation, data qualifiers are attached to the data. Data qualifiers are the alphabetic symbols that indentify an undetected compound or a deviation from acceptance criteria. Data qualifiers are also called data flags. The findings of data validation are detailed in a data validation report, which documents the validation process and explains the reasons for attaching the qualifiers to the data. Laboratories also use data qualifiers for indicating deviations from laboratory acceptance criteria. These qualifiers are replaced with the validation qualifiers in the course of data validation. Qualifiers are rarely used in data review. 

A great variety of data qualifiers, each signifying a specific deviation from acceptance criteria, may be used in data validation. The trends in deviation type and incidence may be important for identifying systematic field and laboratory errors. However, they are not as important to the data user who only needs to know whether... 

Data qualified as estimated values are used in the same manner as valid, unqualified values for making project decisions, in completeness calculations, and in statistical calculations. After all, all environmental data are only the approximations of true contaminant concentrations. 

If these compounds have been detected in the samples, the chemist will evaluate the magnitude of the deviations from the acceptance criteria and apply data qualifiers based on recommendations of the Functional Guidelines (EPA, 1999c) or relying on professional judgment. Example 5.3 illustrates the logic that the chemist may use in the evaluation of the poor performers. 

It is difficult to make an exhaustive list of the applications of quantitative imaging, because a large number of parameters are quantifiable proton density, relaxation time T, T2, T2 or T 2, T p), data qualifying interaction of pools by magnetization transfer, apparent diffusion coefficients, indices characterizing diffusion phenomena from tensor estimation or a (/-space approach, temperature difference, static magnetic field, B1 field amplitude, current density or values related to dynamic MRI contrast agent uptake. 

A large percentage of eddy-current inspections are conducted in the field, away from the home base and often in remote or inaccessible locations. Using local telephone lines or mobile phone lines would allow the inspector to beam his data back to the office. In this way highly qualified personnel can be consulted when problems or difficult to interpret results occur. Inspectors no longer need to feel isolated on site. 

Qualified for PURPA benefits, ie, only owners or operators of faciUties who cl aim qualifying status for PURPA benefits would make filings, some filings are submitted after the faciUties begin operation. FERC does not review notices of qualifying status, has not completed review of all Hsted appHcations for certification, and data provided in the filings are not verified by FERC inspection of the faciUties. 

The company selecting a toller evaluates the data provided from each candidate and identifies which firms are qualified for a site visit. 

A gas seal shall be furnished if required to reduee purge gas requirements. The gas seal shall be self draining. The gas seal must be qualified by test data showing oxygen eoneentration below the seal at proposed purge rate and at least 50 mph simulated wind eondition. 

The RMDB may be queried directly by qualified participants. Data needed urgently may be obtained by an Urgent Data Request (UDR) sent to the GIDEP Operations Center. 

The standard requires the supplier to ensure that the pertinent issues of appropriate documents are available at all locations where operations essential to the effective functioning of the qualify system are performed. Note that the requirement does not apply to data. 

Caution All alkali metals react violently upon contact with water. Read all Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) very carefully prior to handling of alkali metals and handle these metals only under the direct supervision of trained and qualified personnel. 

All of the above events would cause a pump failure over a period of time. Therefore, the events would qualify for inclusion in the failure rate. So, at one extreme there might be six catastrophic failures per sample time. However, a data analyst may decide that No. 2 is not a relevant failure since the cause was neither a function of the equipment nor the operational application, but was a mistake by an outside agent. The same might be said of No. 3. 

A Caution Hydrogen fluoride and fluorine are dangerous materials. Exposure to them will cause severe, painful, and perhaps fatal injury. Exposure may not be evident for several hours. The procedures described here pose the risk of exposure to hydrogen fluoride and to elemental fluorine and should only be carried out by, or under the direct supervision of, qualified professionals. Qualified first aid treatment and professional medical resources must be established prior to working in the area. Prompt treatment is necessary to reduce the severity of damage from exposure and should be sought immediately following exposure or suspected exposure. Material safety data sheets are available from HF and fluorine suppliers. Their recommendations should be followed scrupulously. 

The dropping electrode, in partieular used with mercury and with amalgams, has been frequently employed in kinetic studies [66But3]. Data obtained with this electrode/method are labelled DME, if no specific technique is applied that is more helpful in qualifying the obtained data. 

No properly constituted data sets for reaction rates were found for which eq. (1) is followed with acceptable precision (34). This result may be attributed to the incursion of proximity effect contributions. However, certain benzoic acid type ionization equilibria data sets do appear to follow eq. (1) satisfactorily, although none of the sets qualifies as a minimal basis set. Table XXVII summarizes the results for the fittings with parameters, which for every discriminating... 

Data Assembly and Clean-Up Section 4.31 provides an example of how tables often look when data was compiled from a multitude of sources formats might differ, data quality is uneven, and comments in text format were smuggled in to further qualify the entries. Since vital background informa-... 

Your children may be exposed to endosulfan if unquahfied people apply pesticides around your home. In some cases, the use of pesticides that have been banned for use in homes has turned homes into hazardous waste sites. Your state licenses each person qualified to apply pesticides using EPA standards and further certifies each person qualified to apply restricted use pesticides. Ask to see the license and certification of anyone who applies pesticides for you. Also ask for the brand name of the pesticide, a material safety data sheet (MSDS), the name of the product s active ingredient, and the EPA registration number. Ask whether EPA has designated the pesticide for restricted use and what the approved uses are. This information is important if you or your family have a reaction to the product. 

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