World Nuclear Association

The World Nuclear Association (WNA) provides frequent updates on reactors in operation, under construction, planned and proposed (for details see www.world-nuclear.org). 

The World Nuclear Association [10] provides detailed technical information on nuclear electricity and related environmental, health and safety issues. 

World Nuclear Association. Nuclear electricity. In Nuclear Energy Made Simple, Chapter 3 World Nuclear Association, 2003 www.world-nuclear.org/education/ne/ne3/htm. 

According to the World Nuclear Association "During the next 50 years, as Earth s population expands from 6 billion toward 9 billion, humanity will consume more energy than the combined total used in all previous history. With carbon emissions now threatening the very stability of the biosphere, the security of our world requires a massive trans formation to clean energy. Renewables like solar, wind and biomass can help. But only nuclear power offers clean, environmentally friendly energy on a massive scale."... 

London, SW1Y 4JH UK Phone 44-0-20-7451-1520 Fax 44-0-20-7839-1501 E-mail Address wna world-nuclear.org Web Address www.world-nuclear.org The World Nuclear Association promotes the peaceful worldwide use of nuclear power as a sustainable energy resource. 

World Nuclear Association Web site. Information and Brief News, Last updated March, 29,2005, Accessed April 2005. http.V/www.world-nuclear.org/info/reactors.htm. 

World Nuclear Association. 2002. Supply of Uranium. Available online at http //world-nuclear.org/info/inf75.htm. Accessed November 17, 2003. 

Current known, recoverable world resources of uranium are approximately 3.1 million tons, estimated to be sufficient for about 50 years at current levels of consumption. A doubling of price from present levels is projected to create a 10-fold increase in these resources. Moving from current nuclear power technology to breeder reactors is estimated to increase uranium utilization another 60-fold (World Nuclear Association, 2002). Breeder reactors, however, would aggravate some of the issues now associated with the nuclear industry, including those surrounding safety and nuclear proliferation, while possibly reducing the waste disposal problem. 

World Nuclear Association, Nuclear Power in Russia, London, UK World Nuclear Association, June 2003. 

Ion, S. et al., Pebble Bed Modular Reactor The First Generation IV Reactor to Be Constructed, paper presented at the World Nuclear Association Annual Symposium, London, September 3-5. 

World Nuclear Association [cited Febmary 2003] . 

Lacy, B. (2004) Nuclear power plant and corporate financial performance in a liljeralized electric energy environment . World Nuclear Association Annual Symposium, London, September 9-10. 

WNA-Bulgaria, Country Briefing Bulgaria, World Nuclear Association, available at http //www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf87.html (accessed August 2008). 

According to the World Nuclear Association, around 60 kg of highly enriched uranium was used in the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima, and the explosive charge of the bomb dropped on Nagasaki three days later came from 8 kg of plutonium, available at www.world-nuclear.org. The explosive yields were roughly 15 and 21 kt, respectively. An estimated 135,000 people were killed in Hiroshima, and 50,000 were killed in Nagasaki. 

The development of SMRs is in progress across the world by nuclear system suppliers. This development is shown in Table 8.2. The whole industry in this area is in a state of flux and details on specific reactor are changing rapidly. Specific current information of designs being considered is best found in the World Nuclear Association information library. 

World Nuclear Association Information Paper, 2014, Small Nuclear Power Reactors, www.world-nuclear.org, February, 2014. 

Source World Nuclear Association, The Global Nuclear Fuel Market, Suj>ply and Demand 2013-2030, London, 2013. With permission. 

As of 2012, India has 20 nuclear reactors in operation in six nuclear power plants, generating 4,780 MW, while seven other reactors are under construction and are expected to generate an additional 5,300 MW. India has a flourishing and largely indigenous nuclear power program and expects to have 14,600 MWe nuclear capacity online by 2020. It aims to supply 25% of electricity from nuclear power by 2050 (World Nuclear Association, November 2013). 

FIGURE 1.7 The mass distribution of the fission products from MOX fuel. (From World Nuclear Association, http //www.world-nuclear.org/uploadedImages/org/info/Nuclear Fuel Cycle/distribution of fission products.png, accessed July 26, 2014. With permission.)... 

---