Dendrites, cell potential

It is generally accepted (based on clinical and in vitro studies) that mast cells (and basophils), IgE and FceRI are involved in most cases of allergen-induced anaphylaxis in humans. However, it is difficult to define the exact roles and relative importance of mast cells, basophils, and other potential effector cells (e.g monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells) in either IgE-dependent or IgE-independent human anaphylaxis. Unlike in mice, we neither have access to mast cell- or basophil-deficient humans nor can we genetically manipulate human subjects to produce such phenotypes. 

The roles of potential effector cells other than mast cells and basophils (e.g. monocytes/ macrophages, dendritic cells) in IgE-dependent and IgE-independent anaphylaxis in mice and humans remain to be determined. 

Vicari AP, Figueroa DJ, Hedrick JA, et al. TECK a novel CC chemokine specifically expressed by thymic dendritic cells and potentially involved in T cell development. Immunity 1997 7 291-301. 

Two Subsets of Naive Dendritic Cells with Distinct Migration and Functional Potentials... 

Rougier, N.et al., In vitro evaluation of the sensitization potential of weak contact allergens using Langerhans-like dendritic cells and autologous T cells, Toxicology, 145, 73, 2000. 

Tuschl, H., Kovac, R. and Weber, E., The expression of surface markers on dendritic cells as indicators for the sensitizing potential of chemicals, Toxicol. In Vitro, 14, 541, 2000. 

Cell potential, 9 607-609 standard, 75 750 Cell Saver, 3 719 Cells, encapsulation of, 76 454 Cell sorting, microfluidics in, 26 971-972 Cell-specific dendritic carriers, 26 797 Cell targeting, dendrimers in, 26 797-798 Cell thermo stating, 73 426 Cellular components inducers, herbicide damage to, 73 297-298 Cellular damage, in aging, 2 810 Cellular diseases, yeast as a model for, 26 496-497... 

There are at least three potential reservoirs. The first phase reflects virus produced predominantly from activated CD4+ T cells. Extracellular virus particles can be trapped on specialized cells in the germinal centers of the peripheral lymphoid tissues. These cells, known as follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), are able to retain antigenic material on their surfaces for long periods of time. This reservoir declines rapidly with a half-life of about 2 weeks. ... 

The skin immune system is challenged everyday with an enormous variety of potential sensitizers which penetrate the stratum corneum and trigger the two major populations of dendritic cells (DCs)... 

Segura M. Su Z. Piccirillo C. Stevenson MM Impairment of dendritic cell function by excretory-secretory products a potential mechanism for nematode-induced immunosuppression. 

Schoeters, E., Verheyen, G.R., Nelissen, I., Van Rompay A.R., Flooyberghs, J., Van Den Heuvel, R.L., Witters, H Schoeters, G.E., Van Tendeloo, V.F. and Berneman, Z.N. (2007) Microarray analyses in dendritic cells reveal potential biomarkers for chemical-induced skin sensitization. Molecular Immunology, 44, 3222-3233. 

Harish A, Hohana G, Fishman P, Amon O, Bar-Yehuda S (2003) A adenosine receptor agonist potentiates natural killer cell activity. Int J Oncol 23(4) 1245-1249 Hart DN (1997) Dendritic cells unique leukocyte populations which control the primary immune response. Blood 90(9) 3245-3287... 

Schematic representation of the hematopoietic cascade in mice and human (hum). All the cells of the hematopoietic system are positive for antigen CD45. Based on this, the dynamics of surface antigen expression along development of different mature cells derived from the hematopoietic stem cell system can be observed. Rounded arrows indicate self-renewal potential. Smooth thinner arrows indicate directions of cellular differentiation. The identification of CDs (clusters definition) and other antigen cell markers are listed in the glossary. (LT-HSC - long term hematopoietic stem cell ST-HSC - short term hematopoietic stem cell MPP - multipotent progenitor CLP - common lymphoid precursor CMP - common myeloid precursor GMP - granulocyte-monocyte precursor MEP - megacaryocyte-erythrocyte precursor T - T lymphocyte B - B lymphocyte NK - natural killer cell DC - dendritic cell).

Stickler, M., Mucha, J., Estell, D., Power, S., and Harding, F. 2003. A human dendritic cell-based method to identify CD4+ T-cell epitopes in potential protein allergens. Environ Health Perspect 111(2) 251—254. 

Leukocyte-associated IgG egress from plasma is potentially mediated by binding of endogenous IgG or exogenously administered monoclonal antibodies to FCyRI or FCyRIII on circulating neutrophils and monocytes [2] or Fc,RIIa on platelets [24,25], Human peripheral blood monocytes also bear MHC class I-related FcRn that can transport IgG from plasma to tissue fluids, dendritic cells, or intestinal macrophages [26],... 

This test uses an in vitro human dendritic cell culture to obtain information of the potential for various chemicals to induce allergic contact dermatitis. This test is used as an alternative to the Local Lymph node assay (LLNA) to minimize or replace the use of live animal testing for predicting skin sensitization (Kimber et al. 2002, see below). The test allows for evaluation of skin sensitization by examining the presence of cell surface markers on Periperal Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC)-derived dendritic cells (DC) that are known to be involved in the development of allergic contact dermatitis. 

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