Decontamination guidelines

T.H. Milby et al., "PCB Containing Transformer fires decontamination guidelines based on health considerations," Journal of Occupational Medicine, vol. 27, n° 5, May, 1985. 

DEVELOPMENT OF DECONTAMINATION GUIDELINES FOR PCB/PCDF AND PCDD DECONTAMINATION IN AREAS OF HIGH EXPOSURE POTENTIAL... 

Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pattiogens (ACDP) (1990) HIV—The Causative Agent of AIDS and Related Conditions. Second revision of guidelines. London Heallh and Safety Executive. Anon ( 99 ) Decontamination of Equipment, Linen or other Surfaces Contaminated with Hepatitis B and/or Human Immunodeficiency Viruses. Depaittnent of Healtti HC 33. 

United States Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command. Guidelines for Cold Weather Mass Decontamination During a Terrorist Chemical Agent Incident. January 2002. 

Guidelines for Decontamination of Fire Fighters and Their Equipment Following Hazardous Materials Incidents , NFPA International 1997. 

Medical Classification, Probable Form of Dissemination, Detection in the Field, Infective Dose, Incubation Time, Persistence, Personal Protection, Routes of Entry to the Body, Per-son-to-Person Transmissible, Duration of Illness, Potential Ability to Kill, Defensive Measures, Vaccines, Drugs Available, and Decontamination. In each case, for both Chemical and Biological agents, each agent will have guidelines laid out within the book. 

The possibility of contamination of patients may be determined in the field, en route to a treatment facility, or at a treatment facility, depending on the condition of the patients. The facility receiving the patients should be informed of the estimated number of casualties, the natures of their injuries, and details on any suspected contamination that may be present. Injured personnel should be sorted and treated according to standard medical guidelines. If possible, individuals suspected of being contaminated should be separated from other patients and receive preliminary decontamination prior to treatment (see Section 7.3 for decontamination procedures). 

Design Qualification Guideline for Cross-Contamination and Decontamination... 

To provide the guideline to be followed for the prevention of crosscontamination and decontamination... 

Some guidelines amend this procedure for decontamination protocols (e.g., Australian and New Zealand standard SAA/SNZ HB32 1995). Here the procedure consists of ... 

The Navy should develop operational guidelines for the effective decontamination of its ships, bases, ports, airfields, and logistical chains—that is, make specific the joint doctrine expected as a product of the new Joint CBD Program requirements office in Office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff/Director for Force Structure, Resources, and Assessment (OJCS/J8). Future Navy doctrine should discuss acceptable risks and evolve operational guidelines as to levels of decontamination and the levels of personnel protection that should be employed in order to minimize restoration time after contamination and maximize operational viability. 

The Navy should develop a doctrine about decontamination that sets guidelines, procedures and methods, standards of cleanliness, and sources of technical guidance that apply to ships and shore-based facilities. 

No guidelines exist for what are acceptable or safe long-term exposure levels of chemical or biological agent that remains after decontamination. Studies should be undertaken to set the appropriate levels for short- and long-term exposures and address whether standards should differ between civilian and military environments. 

No guidelines exist for what are acceptable or safe levels of chemical or biological agent remaining after decontamination. 

In military operations, it is impossible to have zero risk, and indeed, the acceptable risk level in most cases may well be higher than that set for civilian operations. Determining the appropriate level of decontamination for a situation is the result of assessment and decision making based on all of the risks. Setting the appropriate risk levels and decontamination specifications is an area in need of Navy doctrine. Once established, that doctrine could then lead to the development of testing and performance standards to be used for field decontamination, as well as to base and long-term equipment decontamination procedures. The Navy must be able to provide doctrine, guidelines, and expertise in this area. 

Zr-Al coprocess waste test, the feed, extractant, and scrub flows were 1, 0.5, and 0.1 mL/min, respectively. For the high sodium concentration waste, the feed, extractant, and scrub flows were 0.75, 1, and 0.25 mL/min, respectively. Samples of raffinate were drawn for analytical analysis approximately five hours after equilibrium had been reached. The resultant decontamination factors agreed reasonably well with our calculations. For the coprocess waste run, we expected an americium decontamination factor of 200. We purposely built in a large, overkillM in the sodium waste run by increasing the organic to aqueous flow rates. The sodium waste run produced a raffinate that, when calcined, would be well below the guideline for alpha-free waste with no allowance for decay. Analytical analysis of feeds and raffinates confirmed our batch results in that actinides were fractionated from major waste constituents such as aluminum, zirconium, sodium, and fluoride. 

Guidelines for Mass Casualty Decontamination during a Terrorist Chemical Agent Incident. Chemical Weapons Improved Response Program (30 April 2001), U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, http /www.stonningmedia.us/09/0974/A097493.html (accessed December 2006). 

Decontamination teams, at least one horn each shift, including weekends, should be trained in decontamination while in PPE. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has specific guidelines/regulations concerning use of PPE, and noncompliance with them may bring stiff fines. Refer to the OSHA Web site, specifically 29 CFR 1910.120 and 29 CFR 1910.134. Additionally, information on CBRNE equipment may be found at 42 CFR 84. 

Lake, W.A., Fedele, P.D. and Marshall, S.M. (January 2000), Guidelines for Mass Casualty Decontamination During a Terrorist Chemical Agent Incident, United States Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command (SBCCOM), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. 

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