Health considerations

Here we shall restrict consideration to safety and health considerations that can be built in while the design is developing rather than the detailed hazard and operability studies that take place in the later stages of design. The three major hazards in process plants are fire, explosion, and toxic release. ... 

Care must be taken in handling radon, as with other radioactive materials. The main hazard is from inhalation of the element and its solid daughters which are collected on dust in the air. Good ventilation should be provided where radium, thorium, or actinium is stored to prevent build-up of the element. Radon build-up is a health consideration in uranium mines. Recently radon build-up in homes has been a concern. Many deaths from lung cancer are caused by radon exposure. In the U.S. it is recommended that remedial action be taken if the air in homes exceeds 4 pCi/1. 

Sepa.ra.tion of Plutonium. The principal problem in the purification of metallic plutonium is the separation of a small amount of plutonium (ca 200—900 ppm) from large amounts of uranium, which contain intensely radioactive fission products. The plutonium yield or recovery must be high and the plutonium relatively pure with respect to fission products and light elements, such as lithium, beryUium, or boron. The purity required depends on the intended use for the plutonium. The high yield requirement is imposed by the price or value of the metal and by industrial health considerations, which require extremely low effluent concentrations. 

AEyl compounds, depending on the stmcture of substituents, can undergo other reactions such as rearrangements, hydrolysis, and additions. Such reactions that may affect polymerization and have health considerations have been closely studied only with important industrial compounds (1). 

Brake Linings. Substantial amounts of crystalline flake, lump, and amorphous graphite are used in brake and clutch finings, mostly in heavier duty nonautomotive situations. The graphite has been substituted for asbestos because of health considerations. The graphite proportion of the part has risen from 2 to 15% in some instances. The graphite lubricates, transfers the heat of friction away from the fining, and lowers the rate of wear. 

Whisker reinforcement is a viable method of toughening composites. However, health considerations associated with the aspiration of fine, high-aspect-ratio whiskers raise serious concern about their widespread use. 

Environmental and health considerations and other perceived risks have led many countries to adopt a policy for safe management of mercury in fluorescent lamps. For example, USA, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Japan, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong... 

It is important to realize that people who qualify for drug therapy do so based on health considerations and risk factors, not simply because they want to improve their appearance. Drug therapy is not undertaken for cosmetic reasons and should never be regarded as a shortcut or springboard to weight loss. Healthy diet and exercise are the keys to weight loss. 

For both fire safety, health considerations, and proper functioning of fume hoods the air pressure of laboratory areas must be negative relative to surrounding areas. The only exception to this is for certain biocontainment applications. These applications usually require very specific ventilation requirements which will not be addressed. Also, all laboratory ventilation systems, especially fume hoods, should incorporate low flow warning devices. 

Animal facilities have traditionally been under the purview of the scientist. However, there are special safety and health considerations which should be involved in the design of individual animal rooms. These facilities may, also, include housing for insects, parasites, etc. 

Demidova, O, Chep, A. (2005). Risk Assessment for Improved Treatment of Health Considerations in El A. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 25(4), 411-429. Available at www. sciencedirect.com. 

ADI not specified is applied to food substances of very low toxicity that, in the opinion of the Committee, do not represent a hazard to health. Consideration is also given to total dietary intake and use levels necessary to achieve the desired effect. 

Fuel-cell-grade asbestos is a nonwoven fabric with a thickness of 10—15 mil. The asbestos fibers are made into a long roll of nonwoven cloth by a carding or paper-making process. Asbestos is a controversial material with respect to health considerations in addition to potentially being a source of corrosion at... 

The course that industry and government set must balance food production objectives with long term public health considerations. More prudent use of antibiotics in the feed industry... 

Weeks JL, Lende BC Health considerations in the use of organic reactor coolants, jf Occup Med 12 246-252, 1970... 

C. N. Davies (1966) and health considerations are treated in Inhalation Studies by R. F. Phalen (1984) and in Pulmonary Toxicology of Respirable Particles (Sanders et al., 1980). Finally, several works deal with laboratory generation and characterization of aerosols, including those by Hinds (1982), Mercer (1973), Willeke (1980), and Liu (1976). 

Often EPA has ignored scientific evidence and bona fide public health considerations in favor of unsubstantiated fears expressed by influential special-interest groups. As long ago as 1992, an expert panel commissioned by then-EPA Administrator William Reilly reported (i) The science advice function—that is, the pro-... 

The most serious objections to the presence of drug residues in food intended for human consumption arise as a consequence of human health considerations. With tire extensive use of drugs in animal production, residues of the parent drugs and/or metabolites have a high potential to be present in the edible animal products. The public health significance of such adulteration of the food supply is determined mainly by the level of the residues and the individual drugs they are originated from. 

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