Davy Powergas

Rhodium Ca.ta.lysts. Rhodium carbonyl catalysts for olefin hydroformylation are more active than cobalt carbonyls and can be appHed at lower temperatures and pressures (14). Rhodium hydrocarbonyl [75506-18-2] HRh(CO)4, results in lower -butyraldehyde [123-72-8] to isobutyraldehyde [78-84-2] ratios from propylene [115-07-17, C H, than does cobalt hydrocarbonyl, ie, 50/50 vs 80/20. Ligand-modified rhodium catalysts, HRh(CO)2L2 or HRh(CO)L2, afford /iso-ratios as high as 92/8 the ligand is generally a tertiary phosphine. The rhodium catalyst process was developed joindy by Union Carbide Chemicals, Johnson-Matthey, and Davy Powergas and has been Hcensed to several companies. It is particulady suited to propylene conversion to -butyraldehyde for 2-ethylhexanol production in that by-product isobutyraldehyde is minimized. 

In the Davy-Powergas unit (118—120), shown in Figure 13c, the Hquids mn through a draft tube and are pumped by an impeller mnning directly above the draft tube. The dispersion flows out from the top of the mixer and down through a channel into a rectangular settler. Large units of this type are used for copper extraction (7). 

Alkazid A development of the Alkacid proces. The absorbent is an aqueous solution of the potassium salt of either methylamino propionic acid ( Alkazid M ), or dimethylamino acetic acid ( Alkazid DIK ). Developed by Davy Powergas, Germany. Over 80 plants were operating in 1975. 

Wellman- Lord Davy Powergas Claus tall gas <200 ppmv sulfur compounds in treated gas. All sulfur compounds are handled... 

Contact Sulfuric Acid Process Monsanto, Parsons, Davy Powergas, others Can accept elemental sulfur, or H2S and S02-bearlng streams down to about 5Z sulfur content A double contact/double absorption plant can recover up to 99.8Z of the sulfur fed to it. All sulfur compounds handled... 

Triphenylphosphine -rhodium complex hydroformylation catalyst systems discovered by Wilkinson and developed by Union Carbide, Davy Powergas, and Johnson Matthey... 

The next breakthrough of importance for future 2-ethylhexa-nol plants occurred in the mid seventies. This was the development of the rhodium-catalyzed oxo process by Union Carbide, Davy Powergas and Johnson-Matthey (See Chapter 6). This process not only operates at lower temperatures and pressures than the conventional cobalt-catalyzed process but also gives a far lower yield of the less valuable isobutyraldehyde by-product. The net result is improved economics vs. the cobalt process for n-butyr-aldehyde - the intermediate for 2-ethylhexanol. Although outside the U.S. this new technology has already been licensed and plants are now operating(16), no new plants were constructed in the U.S. specifically for 2EH manufacture in the seventies. However,... 

JORGE A. CAMPS has BS and MS degrees in Chemical Engineering from Louisiana State University. He worked for five years with Exxon Corporation at various U.S. and overseas locations. He joined Davy Powergas International in 1974 and is now a Principal Process Engineer of Synthesis Gas Processes. His most recent experience was as the Lead Process Engineer for a 2300-STPD methanol plant for SCT in Saudi Arabia. Mr. Camps is also an adjunct Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of South Florida in Tampa. 

Figure 8 shows the relative energy consumptions of these processes as currently offered by Davy Powergas using the ICI LP methanol process. These energy consumptions include realistic heat and other losses achieved continuously in modern day plants. 

The low pressure oxo process was jointly developed by Union Carbide, Davy Powergas (Davy McKee), and Johnson Matthey. The latter two companies possess the rights of the Wilkinson patents. The catalyst is a rhodium complex, with a large excess of triphenylphosphine. Temperature and pressure have to be controlled very carefully because the linearity strongly depends on these parameters. Ligand and rhodium (300 ppm) are very sensitive to impurities and the feed must be very thoroughly purified. The rhodium stays in the reactor, apart from a small purification cycle, employed for the reactivation of inactive rhodium... 

Midforming [Middle-range distillate forming] A process for converting lower olefins to transport fuels. The catalyst is either a ZSM-5-type zeolite in which some of the aluminum has been replaced by iron, or a hetero-poly acid. Developed in the 1980s by the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India. To be piloted by Bharat Petrochemical Corporation, Bombay, and Davy Powergas. 

The principal develo naents achieved in this area, some of which have cohnfnated in industrial production, are those of Bayer, Davy Powergas, IFP, Kuraray and the Soviet Union. Using a C4 cut containing isobutene, these processes manufacture isoprene by the addition of fommldehyde in a first step (Prins reaction), followed by cat ytk cracking of the dioxane formed in a second step ... 

Davy Powergas, Inc. 30-min residence time commercial technology owned by Davy International Corp. 

Nevertheless, in comparison with the cobalt technology even the first generation of LPO processes (the expression LPO being coined by BP [266]) proved successful and was promoted by a number of companies (e.g., Celanese, Union Carbide, BASF, Mitsubishi), mostly in parallel. One of the first plants for butanal production belonged to Celanese [192] (later Hoechst-Celanese), closely followed by Union Carbide/Davy Powergas/Johnson Matthey [193] and other companies. 

The Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) coordinated research work of UCC, Davy Powergas (later Davy McKee), Johnson Matthey Co., and G. Wilkinson [193-195] to develop a rhodium based Oxo process. 

Two primary methods of manufacturing formaldehyde from methanol are used today. The first uses silver as a metal catalyst in its reactions. In earlier years, facilities used a copper catalyst in this process. The simultaneous reactions involved in the metal catalyst process occur at essentially atmospheric pressure and 600-650 °C (Gerberich et al. 1980). Approximately 50-60% of the formaldehyde produced using the metal catalyst process is formed during an exothermic reaction the remainder is formed from an endothermic reaction. The overall yield for this process is 86-90% formaldehyde. The domestic licensors for this process include Borden Chemical Company and Davy Powergas, Inc. (Gerberich et al. 1980). 

Engineering, procurement, and construction of the entire facility at NIPSCO is the responsibility of Davy Powergas, Inc. Allied Chemical is providing the sulfur dioxide reduction process technology as well as... 

This has been accomplished in the double-catalysis process developed by Bayer and Lurgi. Davy Powergas, who is a Lurgi licensee for this process, built the only two plants of this type in the United States which use copper converter gas. They have kept sulfur dioxide emissions well below the guaranteed 500 ppm level. 

The El Segundo installation immediately lowered the emissions from the SOCAL refinery Claus plants to within the Los Angeles area limits of 500 ppm or less of sulfur dioxide. At Richmond, regulations are even lower—300 ppm or less. The Wellman-Lord recovery units being installed there are guaranteed by Davy Powergas to meet those emission levels. 

The Wellman-Lord process can be a significant factor in helping domestic power plants to meet the air pollution abatement requirements of the Clean Air Act of 1970. To show its applicability to the utilities industry, Davy Powergas Inc. is building a demonstration installation at the Dean H. Mitchell Station of Northern Indiana Public Service Co. in Gary, Ind. When completed, it will consist of a Wellman—Lord sulfur dioxide recovery unit connected to an Allied Chemical Co. sulfur dioxide-to-sulfur reduction process to produce elemental sulfur. Davy Powergas guarantees emissions of 200 ppm by volume or less of sulfur dioxide at this facility. 

John Brown Engineers and Constructors Ltd, London, U.K. including Davy Powergas Ltd, London, U.K. and John Brown Deutsche Engineering GmbH, Essen, Germany... 

---