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Datura stramonium

At this writing anticholinergic agents are not widely used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma, although compounds such as atropine [51 -55-8] C17H23NO3, (18) have been used for centuries (111). Inhalation of the smoke produced by burning herbal mixtures, such as Datura Stramonium provided bronchodilation and rehef from some of the symptoms of asthma. The major active component in these preparations was atropine or other closely related alkaloids (qv). [Pg.442]

Biosynthesis of tropan alkaloids hyosciamine and scopolamine by isomerization of alkaloid littorine in Datura. stramonium and related species 98CSR207. [Pg.227]

Datura stramonium rheogniometer oscillatory membrane integrity non-growth [31]... [Pg.152]

BalHca and Ryu [158] correlated reductions in cell yield in Datura stramonium suspensions with the increased Reynolds stresses associated with higher aeration rates in a 1.2-1 ALR. A more recent study [159] of C. roseus suspensions cultivated in a 1.5-1 bubble column showed that the increased bubble sizes associated with both larger sparger pores and higher aeration rates caused a reduction in system performance. Here, also, it was postulated that the effects were due to increased Reynolds shear stresses in the flow field. However, it was not possible to rule out gas-stripping effects. [Pg.168]

Cyperus esculentus Datura stramonium Polygonum aviculare... [Pg.309]

The family Solanaceae consists of about 85 genera and 2800 species of plants, of which, 80 are of medicinal value in the Asia-Pacific region. Solanaceaeare well known for their parasympatholytic tropane alkaloids, such as hyoscyamine. Classic examples are Atropa belladonna L. (belladona herb, British Pharmacopoeia 1963), Datura stramonium L. (stramonium, British Pharmacopoeia, 1963), and the dried leaves and flowering tops of Hyoscyamus... [Pg.58]

Friedman M (2004), Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanun tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicumesculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds , J Chromatogr A, 1054, 143-155. [Pg.324]

Thorn apple (Datura stramonium). Reprinted with permission from Harner MJ. (1973). The role of hallucinogenic plants in European witchcraft, in Hallucinogens and Shamanism. Harner MJ, ed. London Oxford University Press. [Pg.389]

Jimsonweed Thornapple D. discolor D. kymatocarpa D. pruinosa D. quercifolia D. reburra D. stramonium D. wrightii Datura stramonium... [Pg.390]

There are many species of datura, the best known of which is probably jimsonweed (Datura stramonium). It is an annual plant reaching a height of 1-2 meters, with large white solitary flowers (Gruenwald 1998) (figure 9.14). Datura is indigenous to many parts of the world, including Europe, Noth America, northern Africa, and eastern and southwestern Asia. [Pg.391]

The cholinergic hallucinogens all have common chemical constituents that are responsible for their pharmacological effects (Robbers et al. 1996). These are the tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine, scopolamine (or hyoscine), and atropine (figure 9.16). It is scopolamine, and not atropine or hyoscyamine, which primarily produces the central and hallucinogenic effects because it is the only one that passes the blood-brain barrier sufficiently. However, all three have peripheral effects. Datura stramonium contains 0.1-0.65% tropane alkaloids, which is principally... [Pg.392]

Other plants of the nightshade family, including Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane), and Datura stramonium (Jimson weed), contain atropine-like toxins that are anticholinergic, blocking the muscarinic receptors. An incidence in southern Utah of cattle poisoned on black henbane, with many death losses, was recently reported (Pfister, 2003). Atropine and atropine-like alkaloids are discussed Section 2.2.1.7. [Pg.34]

Hiickelhoven, R., Schuphan, 1., Thiede, B., and Schmidt, B. Biotransformation of p3uene by cell cultures of soybean (Glycine maxh ), wheat (Trltlcum aestivum L.), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.), and purple foxglove (Digitalispurpurea L.), 7 Agric. Food Chem., 45(l) 263-269, 1997. [Pg.1671]

The tropane alkaloids (—)-hyoscyamine and (—)-hyoscine are found in the toxic plants deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and thornapple (Datura stramonium) and are widely used in medicine. Hyoscyamine, usually in the form of its racemate atropine, is used to dilate the pupil of the eye, and hyoscine is employed to control motion sickness. Both alkaloids are esters of (—)-tropic acid. [Pg.117]

The base-catalysed racemization of the alkaloid (-)-hy oscy amine to ( )-hyoscyamine (atropine) is an example of enolate anion participation. Alkaloids are normally extracted from plants by using base, thus liberating the free alkaloid bases from salt combinations. (—)-Hyoscyamine is found in belladonna Atropa belladonna) and stramonium Datura stramonium) and is used medicinally as an anticholinergic. It competes with acetylcholine for the muscarinic site of the parasympathetic nervous system, thus preventing the passage of nerve impulses. However, with careless extraction using too much base the product isolated is atropine, which has only half the biological activity of (—)-hyoscyamine, since the enantiomer (+)-hyoscyamine is essentially inactive. [Pg.375]

Certain plants of the family Solanaceae, such as Atropa belladonna L., Hyoscyamus niger L., and Datura stramonium L., have been used medicinally for centuries in Europe because they contain tropane-type alkaloids.For example, atropine (1) [a racemic mixture of (+)- and (—)-hyoscyamine (2)] and (-)-hyoscyamine are competitive antagonists at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor site, leading to antispasmodic and antiallergic effects. Scopolamine [(—)-hyoscine)] (3) is used in a transdermal patch for the prevention of motion sickness. Since these tropane alkaloids penetrate the blood-brain barrier, they also have psychoactive effects. ... [Pg.18]

The oldest drugs of this group are different galena drugs isolated from belladonna (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and stramonium (Datura stramonium). They are all obtained from plants that contain the L-hiocyamine and a somewhat lesser qnantity of L-scopolamine. As a mnscarinic receptor blocker, L-hioscyamine is mnch more active that D-hioscyamine on both the periphery as well as on the CNS however, a racemic mixture of D,L-hioscyamine— known better as atropine—is preferred in the majority of medical cases because it is readily available. [Pg.196]

Lovett et (20) 198I Datura stramonium Linum usitatissimum Tropane... [Pg.159]

Tropinone reductase-I Hyoscyamius niger Datura stramonium... [Pg.176]

Tropinone reductase-II Hyoscyamius niger Datura stramonium Solanum tuberosum... [Pg.176]

Robins, R. J., Parr, A. J. and Walton, N. J. 1991. Studies on the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids in Datura stramonium L. transformed root cultures. 2. on the relative contributions of L-arginine and L-ornithine to the formation of the tropane ring. Planta, 183 196-201. [Pg.254]

Porsteffen, A., Drager, B. and Nahrstedt, A. 1992. Two tropine reducing enzymes from Datura stramonium transformed root cultures. Phytochemistry, 31 1135-1138. [Pg.280]


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