Data, acquisition processing

These are errors such as failing to perform a required check, which will usually involve a data acquisition process such as verifying a level or state by visual inspection, rather than an action. 

With the single-channel method, data are acquired in series or one channel at a time. Normally, a series of data points are established for each machine-train and data are acquired from each point in a measurement route. While this approach is more than adequate for routine monitoring of relatively simple machines, it is based on the assumption that the machine s dynamics and the resultant vibration profile are constant throughout the entire data acquisition process. This approach hinders the ability to evaluate real-time relationships between measurement points on the machine-train and variations in process parameters such as speed, load, pressure, etc. 

This limitation prohibits the use of most microprocessor-based vibration analyzers for complex machinery or machines with variable speeds. Single-channel data-acquisition technology assumes the vibration profile generated by a machine-train remains constant throughout the data-acquisition process. This is generally true in applications where machine speed remains relatively constant (i.e., within 5 to fO rpm). In this case, its use does not severely limit diagnostic accuracy and can be effectively used in a predictive-maintenance program. 

The steps in developing such a database are (1) collection of machine and process data and (2) database setup. Input requirements of the software are machine and process specifications, analysis parameters, data filters, alert/alarm limits, and a variety of other parameters used to automate the data-acquisition process. 

Trend data that are not properly normalized for speed, load, and process variables are of little value. Since load and process-variable normalization requires a little more time during the data-acquisition process, many programs do not perform these adjustments. If this is the case, it is best to discontinue the use of trends altogether. 

Most of the vibration-based predictive maintenance systems include the capability of recording visual observations as part of the routine data acquisition process. Since the incremental costs of these visual observations are small, this technique should be incorporated in all predictive maintenance programs. 

Additionally, our experimental regime now includes extensive use of computer modelling of the polymerisation process and we need to extract chemical, thermal and engineering data for model assembly, verification and for final process improvement. In ICI at Slough we have developed our own approach to the control and data acquisition process used on our semi-technical reactors. 

Despite this obvious potential, there are very few published sources providing case studies or guidelines for data acquisition, processing and interpretation. This absence undoubtedly reflects the proprietary and confidential nature of results obtained in exploration programs. 

Because the fluctuations of interest were—by definition—rare, it was usually necessary to continue the data acquisition process for several weeks in order to build up acceptably smooth distributions. For this reason, the analysis algorithm was designed to enable trajectories to several termination squares (not just one) to be sought in parallel an 8 x 8 matrix of 64 adjacent termination squares, each centered on a different (qj, <[y) was scanned. 

A complete knowledge of the data quality that arises only from Level 4 validation enables the data user to make project decisions with the highest level of confidence in the data quality. That is why Level 4 validation is usually conducted for the data collected to support decisions related to human health. Level 4 validation allows the reconstruction of the entire laboratory data acquisition process. It exposes errors that cannot be detected during Level 3 validation, the most critical of which are data interpretation errors and data management errors, such as incorrect computer algorithms. 

Jacobsen, S., Johanson, 0., Garby, L. (1985). A 24-m3 direct heat-sink calorimeter with on-line data acquisition, processing and control. Am. J. Physiol. 249, E416-E432. 

A block diagram of the CW-NMRI system is presented in Fig. 10. The system is based around a 7T, 183 mm diameter horizontal bore superconducting magnet (Oxford Instruments, UK), with a computer (800 MHz PC) controlling certain elements of the system electronics via a GPIB IEEE 488 instrument bus and running the sequence control and data acquisition/processing software. A multifunction data... 

Regardless of the selection of the scan mode (see sections 3.6.8 and 3.6.9), the intensity recorded at each Bragg angle is measured during a certain period of time - counting time - which is one of the multiple user-specified parameters in the data acquisition process. As clearly seen in Figure 3.47, the importance of the counting time parameter is difficult to overestimate since it directly influences the accuracy of the measured diffracted intensity, and the overall quality of diffraction data. 

Automated instrument operation, communication with other instruments, data acquisition, processing, documentation, and management Compatible to other high-throughput technologies or processes Flexibility of the users to adapt the instrument to their specific needs Potential for further miniaturization and automation Reasonable costs (investment and running costs)... 

Xu, R. Cai, Z. Brailsford, A. Smith, B.W. Kassel, D.B. Development of a Visual Basic Application to Automate Data Acquisition, Processing, and Sample Tracking on a Multiplexed Quadrupole LC/MS, in Proceedings of the 49th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, May 27-31, 2001, Chicago, II. 

XPS (ESCA) studies were performed by a Kratos XSAM 800 spectrometer using Mg Kai>2 excitation, with fixed analyzer transmission of 80 or 40 eV pass energy, 0.5 or 0.1 eV step size for survey and high-resolution spectra, respectively. The accuracy of binding energy determination was 0.2 eV or better. Data acquisition, processing and quantification were done with the Kratos Vision 2 and XPS MultiQuant programs. 

Probe movement is closely tied to the data acquisition process. Knowledge of the probe position at the time of data acquisition is vital. The start of data collection and probe movement should be synchronized with a hardware trigger. The alternative, initiating probe movement and data collection with a software command would entail unacceptable latency in the data collection. 

Micro ISEs can now be manufactured and can be used in the human body and inside cells and animals. Examples include microelectrodes for dopamine in cerebrospinal fluid" and in cells and glucose in blood . In terms of instrumentation, there are now ISEs available which (via an interface) can be directly attached to a laptop or PC. This eliminates the need for a conventional pH/mV/ion meter and permits the use of more sophisticated and efficient procedures for data acquisition, processing, recording and display (see Figure 5.4). 

Compared with the very limited capacity of the more or less discrete control electronics of classic TCSPC systems, the use of FPGAs led to a breakthrough in functionality. Advanced TCSPC devices use a multidimensional histogramming process. They record the photon density not only as a function of the time in the signal period, but also of other parameters, such as wavelength, spatial coordinates, location within a scanning area, the time from the start of the experiment, or other externally measured variables. It is actually the multidimensionality and flexibility in the data acquisition process that makes new TCSPC techniques really advanced . 

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