Darmstadt

U. Schmitt. Gemischt klassisch-quantenmechanische Molekulardynamik im Liouville-Formalismus. Ph.D. thesis (in german), Darmstadt, 1997. 

Printing betz-druck gmbH, Darmstadt Bookbinding Litger Dopf Buchbinderei GmbH, Heppenheim... 

The existence of element 107 was confirmed by a team of West German physicists at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory at Darmstadt, who created and identified six nuclei of element 107. 

On August 29,1982, physicists at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory, Darmstadt, West Germany made and identified element 109 by bombing a target of Bi-209 with accelerated nuclei of Fe-58. If the combined energy of two nuclei is sufficiently high, the repulsive forces between the nuclei can be overcome. 

November 9,1994 at 4 39 pm, the first atom of the heaviest chemical atom with atomic number 110 was detected at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, in Germany. For the last ten years, this element has been the subject of an intense search by many laboratories world-wide. 

Discovered by Gesellschaft Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, in 1994. Reasearch group of S. Hofmann, V. Ninov, F.P. Hessberger, P. Armbruster, H. Folger, G. Munzenberg, H.J. Schott, and others. 

February 9,1996 at 10 37 pm, at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany a team of scientists discovered their sixth element. This element has the atomic number 112 and is currently the heaviest element ever produced by man. It has an atomic mass of 277. 

Historically, the development of the acrylates proceeded slowly they first received serious attention from Otto Rohm. AcryUc acid (propenoic acid) was first prepared by the air oxidation of acrolein in 1843 (1,2). Methyl and ethyl acrylate were prepared in 1873, but were not observed to polymerize at that time (3). In 1880 poly(methyl acrylate) was reported by G. W. A. Kahlbaum, who noted that on dry distillation up to 320°C the polymer did not depolymerize (4). Rohm observed the remarkable properties of acryUc polymers while preparing for his doctoral dissertation in 1901 however, a quarter of a century elapsed before he was able to translate his observations into commercial reaUty. He obtained a U.S. patent on the sulfur vulcanization of acrylates in 1912 (5). Based on the continuing work in Rohm s laboratory, the first limited production of acrylates began in 1927 by the Rohm and Haas Company in Darmstadt, Germany (6). Use of this class of compounds has grown from that time to a total U.S. consumption in 1989 of approximately 400,000 metric tons. Total worldwide consumption is probably twice that. 

Technical Informationsfor Crop Protection, E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, 1964. 

These data together with those from wastewater treatment plants at Darmstadt, Germany Gothenburg and Stockholm, Sweden and Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands, show that the concentrations of DEHP, and in some cases total phthalates, entering wastewater treatment plants vary from 1 to 167 )-lg/L. After treatment the concentrations range from <1 to 36.8 )-lg/L. 

H. Hanke and C. Levia, Influence of Winter Road Maintenance on Traffic Safety and Transport Efficieny, Hessisches Landesamt fiir Strabenbau, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany, 1988. 

The biotin market is divided between agricultural and human use, with —90% of biotin used in the animal health care market and —10% for the human nutritional market. The major producers of biotin are Hoffmann-La Roche, Lon2a, E. Merck-Darmstadt, Rhc ne-Poulenc, Sumitomo Pharmaceutical, E. Sung, and Tanabe Seiyaku (100). Worldwide production of biotin in 1994 was approximately 60 metric tons. The Hst price for pure biotin in 1995 was — 7.00/g whereas, the Hst price for technical feed-grade biotin was — 5.50/g. Biotin is used in various pharmaceutical, food, and special dietary products, including multivitamin preparations in Hquid, tablet, capsule, or powder forms. One of the commercially available products of i7-biotin is Britrit-1, which is a 1% biotin trituration used in food premixes. 

H. Strathmann, Trennung von Molekularan Mischungen mitEPlJe SjnthetischerMembranen, Steinkopff, Darmstadt, FRG, 1959, pp. 15—55. 

K. G. Roesner and E. RAtz, eds.. Proceedings of the First Workshop on Separation Phenomena in Eiquids and Gases, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt,... 

Darmstadt Technical University, Chemical Analytics, Germany Materials and Earth Sciences, Petersenstr. 23, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany -Darmstadt Technical University, Thin Films, Germany... 

Liebigs Ann Chem Ber Tetrahedron Lett J Org Chem Angew Chem Ini Ed Chem Lett Contakte (Darmstadt)... 

Oicyclopentadiene, obtained from the Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. (or E. Merck, Darmstadt, FRG), was cracked just prior to use according to the procedure of Fieser and Williamson, to give the monomer, bp 40-42°C. 

Institut fiir Organische Chemie der Technischen Hochschule, Petersenstr. 22. 0-6100 Darmstadt, (FRG). 

The catalyst, 3-benzyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl )-4-methyl-l, 3-thiazoHum chloride, is supplied by Fluka AG, Buchs, Switzerland, and by Tridom Chemical, Inc., Hauppauge, New York. The thiazolium salt may also be prepared as described below by benzylation of 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-l,3-thiazole which is commercially available from E. Merck, Darmstadt, West Germany, and Columbia Organic Chemicals Co., Inc., Columbia, SC. The acetonitrile used by the checkers was dried over Linde 3A molecular sieves and distilled under nitrogen, bp 77-78°C. The same yield of thiazolium salt was obtained by the checkers when benzyl chloride and acetonitrile from commercial sources were used without purification. 

Scoops of solid potassium tcrt-butoxide (purchased from E. Merck, Darmstadt, and specified to be at least 95% pure) were added over 20-30 minutes by temporarily removing the drying tube. At the beginning of the reaction much heat is evolved therefore the base should be added in small portions in order to keep the temperature below 10°. During the addition of the base, a precipitate is formed. 

Alumina Number 1076, aktiv basisch, for chromatography (E. Merck, Darmstadt) was usually employed. Occasionally, when alumina Number 1077, aktiv neutral, from the same company, was used, a longer reaction time was required (compare Note 15). 

Commercial formamide (E. Merck, Darmstadt) was used. The use of a large excess of formamide with respect to the sulfinate is required in order to obtain the yield specified. ... 

Dimethoxyethane and triethylamine, both in zur Synthese quality, were purchased from E. Merck, Darmstadt. Diethyl ether was distilled from phosphorus pentoxide and stored over sodium wire. 

In 1901 Otto Rohm reported on his studies of acrylic polymers for his doctoral dissertation. His interest in these materials, however, did not cease at this stage and eventually in 1927 the Rohm and Hass concern at Darmstadt, Germany commenced limited production of poly(methyl acrylate) under the trade names... 

STOE and CIE GmbH Hilpertsm 10 64295 Darmstadt Germany www.stoe.com... 

E. Merck, Company brochure Dyeing Reagents for Thin Layer and I per Chromatography , Darmstadt 1980. 

Jork, H., Wimmer, H. Quantitative Auswertung von Dunnschicht-Chromatogrammen 1986 Arbeitsblatt 1/1-7 und 1-8. GIT-Verlag, Darmstadt 1986. 

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