Darmstadt, Germany, experience

Element 110 - no name has been proposed or accepted by lUPAC for element 110. This element was first synthesized in a November 1994 experiment by a multi-national team of scientists working at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany. The scientific teams were from the GSI (Heavy Ion Research Center), Darmstadt, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia and the University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. They used the nuclear reaction ° Pb ( Ni, n) 110. The longest half-life associated vdth this unstable element is 1.1 minute 10. 

The European Experience. In Europe, the first patients were treated with carbon ions at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt, Germany at the end of... 

For application in the isotope dilution technique and for tracer experiments using isotope enriched spikes, Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) have launched the production of new sets of isotopically enriched materials, such as 53Cr or mCd enriched spike calibration solutions, which were characterized by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM, Geel, Belgium).52... 

Another fixative, Kryofix (E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) has been recommended as a replacement for formaldehyde in immunohistochemistry by Boon and Kok (1994). Kryofix is a coagulant fixative containing 50% ethyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol (mol. wt. 300). Both ethyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol diffuse rapidly into the tissue, and the tissue fixation is completed in Kryofix in 90 sec with microwave heating. I do not have personal experience with Kryofix. 

We have seen that the electron-positron system, positronium, shows irregularities in its ground and excited states. However, we have questioned whether or not the discrepancies between theory and experiment have any real physics. On the other hand, there are remarkable phenomena in this system at energies of a few hundred KeV, as shown by the heavy ion experiments at G. S. I. in Darmstadt, Germany (see Figure 2). [15] At the risk of being accused of introducing irrelevant material... 

Yakushev, A http //159.93.28.88/www-nekho/chem 112.html, Yakushev, A. First Chemistry Experiments with Element 112 . In Workshop on Recoil Separator for Superheavy Element Chemistry , GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, March 20-21, 2002, http //www.gsi.de/chemsep/images/Element%20112.pdf... 

Personal communication, 1992, by Dr. H. E. Radunz, Praklinische Pharmaforschung, E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. The experiments were performed by Dr. M. Gottschlich. 

This kind of experiment is easy to describe but very difficult to carry out. In fact, this research is carried out at only several laboratories in the world. One is the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, in Dubna, Russia. The second is the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory at the University of California at Berkeley in the United States. The third is the Institute for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany. All of these laboratories use large particle accelerators that cost millions of dollars. Dozens of scientists from many different countries work on each team. 

The xylitol producing yeast C. guilliermondii (ATTC No. 201935) was cultivated in a semisynthetic basal salt medium (BSM) for experiments investigating cell growth and xylitol production. This medium consisted of 40 g/1 xylose (EMD Chemicals, Darmstadt, Germany) as the carbon source, 5 g/1 ammonium sulfate as the nitrogen source, 0.5 g/1 magnesium sulfate, 0.1 g/1 calcium chloride, 1 g/1 potassium sulfate, and 1 g/1 yeast extract (Fisher Scientific, Rochester, NY). The medium was prepared separately for each experiment and autoclaved for 20 min at 121 °C to assure sterility. 

Experience with the Training of Technical Chemists at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany... 

He got a useful research experience at the Organic Chemistry Laboratory of Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt, Germany, working under the guidance of Prof Hans Neunhoeffer (1994-95). Currently, he is Full Professor of Organic Chemistry Department in the Urals States Technical University. 

In 1994 an international research team led by Peter Armbruster and Sigurd Hofmann at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt Germany, bombarded bismuth-209 atoms with nickel-64 ions. In an 18-day experiment three atoms were unambiguously identified as an isotope of element 111 with mass number 272. No name has yet been suggested for the element which is therefore called unununium, meaning element 111. 

Coffee brew was prepared from freshly ground, roasted coffee beans (Arabica, variety Caturra) by a percolation method using hot water at 95°C. The coffee/water ratio was 50 g/L. Phenols were removed from the coffee brew by treatment with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) as reported in the literature (14). The water used for the EPR experiments was stirred widi an ion exchange resin (Amberlite MB-1 Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for at least 24 h prior to use, to remove adventitious metal ions. The 1,4-diethylpyrazinium diquatemary salt was synthesized as recently reported by perethylation of pyrazine with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (7). 

Element 110 — In 1987 Oganessian, et 2il., at Dubna, claimed discovery of this element. Their experiments indicated the spontaneous fissioning nuclide 110 with a h2ilf-life of 10 ms. More recently a group led by Armbruster at G.S.I. in Darmstadt, Germany, reported evidence of 110, which was produced by bombarding lead for many days with more than 10 nickel atoms. A detector searched each collision for Element 1 lO s distinct decay sequence. On November 9,1994, evidence of 110... 

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