Electricity dangers

Very dangerous - electric shock again possible. 

Massage chairs, special lifts for bathtubs, hospital beds, etc. all have electronic adjustments that can be controlled by reed sensors. In applications like these, no special voltage or current is necessary. Therefore, there is no risk of dangerous electric shock. 

Because the output of these bridges is in the range of millivolts, the cables utilized to carry the signal are normally shielded with a braided or foil-lined sheath around individual wires. The shield, as a rule, is connected to the amplifier, but never touches the actual instrumented equipment (i.e., tablet press). If this rule is violated, a ground loop may generate electrical noise and present a dangerous electrical shock hazard. 

The operator of x-ray apparatus is exposed to two obvious dangers, electric shock and radiation injury, but both of these hazards can be reduced to negligible proportions by proper design of equipment and reasonable care on the part of the user. Nevertheless, it is only prudent for the x-ray worker to be continually aware of these hazards. 

Electrical work Work on electrical equipment and on low and high voltage systems with the hazard of a dangerous electric shock Access to electrical installations... 

In the cases of high voltage equipment, and some higher risk low voltage systems, applying earths to the conductors on which work is to be done enhances safety. This is to ensure that all dangerous electrical energy is dissipated and to maintain the conductors at earth potential. 

Typically the actual number of potentially dangerous electrical contacts is higher than the injury data implies. One laboratory performed a questionnaire study of electrieal safety practices with interview follow-up. The 3000 person population studied had a direct exposure to a broad spectrum of electrical hazards. The response data from the questionnaire represented a signifieant pereentage of the population. A simple reduction of the response data indicated that four painful electrical shocks occurred daily in that population. Only a handful of shocks actually were reported each year. 

The meaning of signs should raise no questions. For example, DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE or DANGER ELECTRICAL HAZARD should be used with DO NOT ENTER , KEEP OUT AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY or another appropriate command so that people know what they should do. 

Warning sign W1 according to DIN 40008 part 3 "Dangerous electrical voltage" for classification of rooms for accommodation or iocked accommodation with restricted access... 

Ventricular Fibrillation Because only a small amount of current is required to disrupt the natural rhythm of the heart, ventricular fibrillation is considered the most dangerous electric shock hazard. The shock current needs to pass through the heart during the phase when the ventricles are starting to relax after a contraction (Lee 1966). When fibrillation occurs, the effective pumping action of the heart ceases, the pulse disappears, and death usually occurs within minutes. The lower boundary of the threshold of ventricular fibrillation is generally considered to be 50 mA. 

The dangers of the use of electricity are, or should be, well known. It is a curious yet disturbing fact that the majority of injuries due to electricity occur to electricians, who would appear to be those most aware of the dangers. Electrical injuries form a relatively small proportion of all... 

Eddy Currents ttike their name from the swirls (eddies) observed in turbulent water flow. The Greek mythology tells us about Charybdis. A monster eddy current between Italy and Sicily whose attractive field pulled unwary sailors to their destruction. Our kind of eddy currents are usually not so dangerous, they flow in electrical conductors and are a branch of Electromagnetics. Where does that spring from Could it make eddy currents the very oldest NDT technique ... 

Dry nitrocellulose, which bums rapidly and furiously, may detonate if present in large quantities or if confined. Nitrocellulose is a dangerous material to handle in the dry state because of sensitivity to friction, static electricity, impact, and heat. Nitrocellulose is always shipped wet with water or alcohol. The higher the nitrogen content the more sensitive it tends to be. Even nitrocellulose having 40% water detonates if confined and sufftcientiy activated. AH large-scale processes use nitric—sulfuric acid mixtures for nitration (127—132). 

Peripheral Components In addition to the stack, a power supply, pumps for diluate and concentrate, instrumentation, tanks for cleaning, and other peripherals are required. Safety devices are mandatoiy given the dangers posed by electricity, hydrogen, and chlorine. 

A particular type of anodic danger arises in the interiors of pipes and storage tanks that are filled with an electrolyte and consist of similar or different metals, which, however, are electrically separated by insulating units. Potential differences are produced from external cathodic protection and are active in the interior [29,30]. These processes are dealt with in more detail in Sections 10.3.5,20.1.4, and 24.4.6. 

A similar danger of corrosion lies in cell formation in steel-concrete foundations (see Section 4.3). Such steel-concrete cells are today the most frequent cause of the increasing amount of premature damage at defects in the coating of new steel pipelines. The incidence of this type of cell formation is increased by the connection of potential-equalizing conductors in internal gas pipelines and domestic water pipelines [25], as well as by the increased use of reinforcing steel in concrete foundations for grounding electrical installations [26]. 

---