Melanoma cutaneous

Nambiar S, Mirmohammadsadegh A, Doroudi R, Gustrau A, Marini A, Boeder G, et al. Signaling networks in cutaneous melanoma metastasis identified by complementary DNA microarrays. Arch Dermatol 2005 141 165-73. 

FIGURE 94-1. Skin anatomy Breslow microstaging and Clark levels. (Reprinted from Langley RGB, Barnhill RL, Mihm Jr MC, et al. Neoplasms Cutaneous melanoma. In Freedberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, et al, (eds.) Fitzpatrick s Dermatology in General Medicine. 6th ed. New York McGraw-Hill 2003 938.)... 

Balch CM, Buzaid AC, Soon SJ, et al. Final version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Cutaneous Melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2001 19 3635-3648. 

Kefford RF. Adjuvant therapy of cutaneous melanoma The interferon debate. Ann Oncol 2003 14 358-365. 

Tsao H, Atkins MB, Sober A. Management of cutaneous melanoma. New Engl J Med 2002 351 998-1012. 

Table 4. Antitumor activity of some cyclophosphazenes against B16 sub-cutaneous melanoma ...

B16 sub-cutaneous melanoma is a slow-growing tumor when compared to the L1210 and P388 leukemias. This is a very tedious tumor on which very few drugs were found to be significantly active, (i.e., % ILS > 40%). 

Gopal YN, Deng W, Woodman SE et al (2001) Basal and treatment-induced activation of AKT mediates resistance to cell death by AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in Braf-mutant human cutaneous melanoma cells. Cancer Res 70 8736-8747... 

G. Other applications Roferon-A has also been used in renal cell carcinoma, multiple myeloma, metastatic melanoma, and primary resected cutaneous melanoma. 

Rossing MA, Dating JR, Weiss NS, Moore DE, Self SG. Risk of cutaneous melanoma in a cohort of infertile women. Melanoma Res 1995 5(2) 123-7. 

Argenziano, G., Fabbrocini, G., Carli, P, DeGiorgi, V. and Delfino, M. (1997) Epilu-minescence microscopy criteria of cutaneous melanoma progression. J Am Acad Dermatol 37, 68-74. 

Microarray-based gene expression profiling for gene and pathway discovery, functional classification of genes, and new tumor sub-classifications have also been applied to various other malignancies including lung, bladder and prostate cancer, and cutaneous melanoma (reviewed in Refs. 77 80). 

Carr KM, Bittner M, Trent JM. Gene-expression profiling in human cutaneous melanoma. Oncogene 2003 22 3076-3080. 

Reed, J.A., Bales, E., Xu, W., Okan, N.A., Bandyopadhyay, D., and Medrano, E.E. 2001. Cytoplasmic localization of the oncogenic protein Ski in human cutaneous melanomas in vivo functional implications for transforming growth factor beta signaling. Cancer Res. 61 8074—8078. 

Sober, A.J. (1987) Solar exposure in the etiology of cutaneous melanoma, Photo-Dermatol. 4, 23-31. 

De Vries, T. J., Kitson, J. L., Silvers, W. K. and Mintz, B. (1995). Expression of plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitors in cutaneous melanomas of transgenic melanoma-susceptible mice. Cancer Res. 55, 4681-4687. 

Kelsall, S. R. and Mintz, B. (1998). Metastatic cutaneous melanoma promoted by ultraviolet radiation in mice with transgene-initiated low melanoma susceptibility. Cancer Res. 58, 4061 065. 

Cochran AJ. Prediction of outcome for patients with cutaneous melanoma. Pigment Cell Res 1997 10(3) 162-167. 

Omholt K, Karsberg S, Platz A et al. Screening of N-ras codon 61 mutations in paired primary and metastatic cutaneous melanomas mutations occur early and persist throughout tiunor progression. Clin Cancer Res 2002 8(ll) 3468-3474. 

A 60-year-old smoker was treated with interferon alfa (100 MU/week for 2 months and 9 MU/week for 15 weeks) for cutaneous melanoma. Ocular examination was normal before treatment, but he developed acute loss of peripheral vision in his left eye after 23 weeks. Examination was consistent with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and there was optic disc edema, a pupillary defect, and circular visual field constriction in the left eye. There was renal artery constriction in both eyes. Despite treatment with aspirin, high-dose dexamethasone, heparin, and finally withdrawal of interferon alfa, loss of visual function progressed and affected both eyes. Ciclosporin was started, but he was considered to have irreversible loss of visual function. 

Short-term reactions are not uncommon. They include erythema, burns, nausea, pruritus, headache, and dizziness. Hypersensitivity reactions, which are uncommon, include drug fever, skin rashes, and bronchial asthma. Long-term treatment increases the risk of non-melanoma skin cancers and possibly of cutaneous melanoma. 

Chronic 8-MOP administration of up to 75 mg kg for 2 years increases the incidence of renal tubular cell hyperplasia, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas of the kidney and carcinomas of the zymbal gland in male rats. 8-MOP with the addition of UVA induces the development of squamous cell hyperplasia, squamous cell papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, and cataracts in rats. 

Ferrar L, Seraglia R, Rossi CR, Bertazzo A, Lise M, et al. Protein profiles in sera of patients with malignant cutaneous melanoma. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2000 14 (13) 1149-54. 

G. Prota, in Cutaneous Melanoma Status of Knowledge and Future Perspective" (U. Veronesi, N. Cascinelli, and M. Santimani, eds.), p. 233. Academic Press, London, 1987. 

Cutaneous melanoma is becoming a common cancer, but it is a cancer that can be prevented and cured if detected early. Public education about screening and early detection is an effective strategy for control ling the increase in the incidence and the mortality associated with cutaneous melanoma. 

Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for the development of cutaneous melanoma. Immunodehciency includes those individuals with ataxia telangiectasia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin s lymphoma, and immunosuppression following organ transplant. Acquired immunodehciency syndrome also has been shown to increase the risk of developing cutaneous melanoma. Personal history of nonmelanoma or melanoma skin cancers is a risk factor for subsequent melanoma. 

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