Networks signaling

Small protein modules form adaptors for a signaling network... 

Pawson, T. Protein modules and signaling networks. Nature 373 573-580, 1995. 

Onaran, H. O., et al. (2000). A look at receptor efficacy From the signaling network of the cell to the intramolecular motion of the receptor. In The pharmacology of functional, biochemical, and recombinant systems handbook of experimental pharmacology, Vol. 148, edited by Kenakin, T. P. and Angus, J. A., pp. 217-280. Springer. 

Tseng SY, Dustin ML (2002) T-cell activation a multidimensional signaling network. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol 14 575-580... 

TOR Signalling. Figure 3 Simplified schematic of the mTOR signalling network. Arrows and bare indicate positive and negative signals respectively. Dashed lines indicate that signalling details are not understood. PKB and S6K1 have many more substrates than indicated. See text and Table 1 for details. 

TOR Signalling. Table 1 Protooncoproteins and tumor suppressors in the mTOR signalling network... 

Takaoka A, Yanai H (2006) Interferon signalling network in innate defence. CeU Microbiol 8 ... 

Nambiar S, Mirmohammadsadegh A, Doroudi R, Gustrau A, Marini A, Boeder G, et al. Signaling networks in cutaneous melanoma metastasis identified by complementary DNA microarrays. Arch Dermatol 2005 141 165-73. 

Plavec I, Sirenko O, Privat S, Wang Y, Dajee M, Melrose J, et al. Method for analyzing signaling networks in complex cellular systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004 101 1223-8. 

Papin JA, Hunter T, Palsson BO, Subramaniam S. Reconstruction of cellular signalling networks and analysis of their properties. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2005 6 99-111. 

It is well established that NF-kB signaling plays a critical role in inflammation and immunity. Understanding the mechanism of NF-kB involvement in opioid receptor activation and chemokine expression may provide a vital key to understanding this complex signaling network. However, the elucidation of molecular mechanisms following activation of the opioid receptor family could aid in the development of future therapeutics for immune system-related and inflammatory diseases, drug addiction and HIV infection. 

The opioid and the chemokine systems constitute two vital signaling networks in the brain and periphery and a brief background on these individual pathways in the CNS would help appreciate the relevance of their cross-talk in normal as well as diseased brain. 

As a result of the complex signaling network associated with kinases, it is speculated that multitargeted kinase inhibitors may offer advantages over selective inhibitors in the treatment of MPNs. Hence, in addition to the selective JAK2 inhibitors, candidates with "opportunistic" JAK2 activity have been examined in the clinic. 

Complex signaling networks may be especially important in the CNS, where they weigh and integrate diverse neuronal signals and then transmit them to effectors, thereby forming the basis of a complex information processing network. See Figure 55-1 for details of these... 

Krutzik, P.O., Hale, M.B., and Nolan, G.P., 2005. Characterization of the murine immunological signaling network with phosphospecific flow cytometry, J. Immunol., 175,2366, 2005. 

Bhalla, U. S., Ram, P. T., and Iyengar, R. (2002) MAP kinase phosphatase as a locus of flexibility in a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling network. Science 297, 1018-1023. 

NO donors have been used for more than a century in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Clearly, the NO/cGMP system plays a major role in platelet inhibition in vivo and in vitro, however, the complex regulation of cGM P levels, as well as the crosstalk to the cAMP system, makes it a signaling network that is not yet fully understood. The contribution of cGMP-independent mechanisms in NO signaling in platelets is far from clear. Careful use of the crucial genetically altered mouse models, the variety of NO donors with clear differences in biochemistry and functional platelet effects as well as the many so-called specific activatory or inhibitory research tools will certainly help to elucidate the still unknown areas of NO signaling in platelets in the near future. 

Igarashi, T., and Kaminuma, T. (1997) Developing of a cell signaling networks database, Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 97 (R. B. Altman, A. K. Dunker, L. Hunter, and T. E., Klein, eds.), pp. 187-197, World Scientific, Singapore. 

Wang L, Feng YH, and Gorodeski GI [2005] EGF facilitates epinephrine inhibition of P2X7-receptor mediated pore formation and apoptosis a novel signaling network. Endocrinology 146 164—174... 

Figure 2 The agr regulon is depicted, showing different players and their actions in the signaling network. See text for detail.

Alroy, I., and Y. Yarden. The ErbB signaling network in embryogenesis and oncogenesis signal diversification through combinatorial ligand-receptor interactions. FEBS-Lett. 410 83-86.1997. 

---