Cumene crude

CDTECH Cumene Crude cumene Selective hydrogenation of alpha methyl styrene in a distillation column to produce purified cumene distillate NA NA... 

Oil Crude Copper Acetate Chlorine Trifluoride Calcium Arsenate Cumene... 

Benzene found in the environment is from both human activities and natural processes. Benzene was first discovered and isolated from coal tar in the 1800s. Today, benzene is made mostly from petroleum sources. Because of its wide use, benzene ranks in the top 20 in production volume for chemicals produced in the United States. Various industries use benzene to make other chemicals, such as styrene (for Styrofoam and other plastics), cumene (for various resins), and cyclohexane (for nylon and synthetic fibers). Benzene is also used for the manufacturing of some types of rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. Natural sources of benzene, which include volcanoes and forest fires, also contribute to the presence of benzene in the environment. Benzene is also a part of crude oil and gasoline and cigarette smoke. For more information on the nature and uses of benzene, see Chapters 3 and 4. 

Neutralized cleavage effluent is first split into separate acetone/ cumene/AMS/water and phenol/heavier fractions (5). Overheads from the splitter are then fractionated to remove aldehydes (6) and cumene/ AMS/water (7) to produce high-purity acetone (99.75+ wt%). Splitter bottoms is fractionated undervacuum to producea crude phenol distillate (8) and a heavy waste hydrocarbon stream. Hydrocarbon impurities are removed from the crude phenol by hydroextractive distillation (9) followed by catalytic phenol treatment (10) and vacuum distillation (11) to produce ultra-high-purity phenol (+99.99 wt%). 

Cumene is a naturally occurring constituent of crude oil and may be released to the environment from a... 

Derivation (1) By fractional distillation of crude cresol (2) from benzene by the cumene process (see phenol). 

Distillation of the crude tar yields two groups of products (1) Complex mixtures resulting from fractional distillation and being sold under the names of solvent naphtha, light oil, dead oil, creosote oil, and anthracene oil (2) coal-tar crudes such as benzene, toluene, naphthalene, anthracene, and the less important cumene, carbazole, cresols, and pyridine. Coal-tar intennediates are prepared by purification of these crude products and are used in the manufacture of dyes and other products. 

The add water is veiy complex, and conta e, besides acetic acid, formic, propiouic, butyric, valerianic, and oxyphenio adds, acetone, naphthalene, benzene, toluene, cumene, creosote, methyl alcohol, and methyl acetate, etc. Partially treed from tar by decantation, it still contains about 20 per cent of tarry and oily material, and about 4 per cent of acetic add this ia the crude pyroU neouB acid of commerce. 

The reaction involves passage of propylene plus some propane diluent and an excess of benzene upwards over the supported acid catalyst at 230°C and 35 atm. Propylene conversion is high and the reactor product is flashed to recover propane plus a little propylene for recycle. Liquid product is then distilled to recover unreacted benzene, which is also recycled, and the crude product then distilled to give pure cumene and a small residue of fuel-value heavy ends. 

The crude phenol, which was distilled off in the crude phenol column is refined by extractive distillation with water subsequent redistillation yields 99.9% pure phenol. The high molecular weight tar which remains as a distillation residue contains acetophenone and cumylphenol, among other compounds, and can be thermally cracked in the liquid phase into phenol, a-methylstyrene and cumene tar oils boiling over 300 °C are used as a reaction medium. 

In addition. Cooper et al. [91] discussed the use of a Raman analyzer to provide feedback and feed-forward data on a number of chemical manufacturing processes originating from crude oil, where several of the production steps involved a distillation separation again, in these examples, the Raman analyzer was positioned at the outlet to the distillation tower. They claim from their work that a Raman analyzer would be useful for monitoring and controlling aromatic extraction, liquid paraffin aromatization, and the production of cumene, cyclohexane from benzene, ethylbenzene, xylene isomers, dimethyl terphthalate, and styrene. It should also be noted that in all these processes, at least one and in several cases multiple distillation columns are involved. 

Improvements in available methodology for the oxidation of alkenes to oxirans have been described. Glycidol can be obtained in 90% yield by heating allyl alcohol with cumene hydroperoxide at 110 °C using vanadium oxychloride as catalyst. Oxidation of isoprene with peroxyformic acid gave an 80% crude yield of the vinyl oxiran, which was treated with lithium chloride and cupric chloride to give the useful synthon (15), a key intermediate in the synthesis of vitamin A from j3-ionone. This modified synthesis employs a hitherto unprecedented oxidative chlorination of a vinyl oxiran (Scheme 4). Previously, the best known method for the oxidation... 

Similar to all commercial plastics, the traditional and more commonly used thermosetting resins are considered as petrochemicals, having been manufactured from petroleum. Some of the primary distillation products of crude oil, which can be classified either as olefins or aromatics, serve as precursors for the synthesis of thermosets. For example, epoxy resins are manufactured by the reaction of epichlorohydrin, a chloro-oxirane, and a derivative of propylene, with bisphenol A, which is a derivative of cumene. Another example would be the unsaturated polyesters (UPs), which are derivatives ultimately originating from ethylene (ethylene glycol) and benzene (maleic acid) [6]. Epoxies and polyesters constitute more than 95% of the thermoset composite market of the two, polyester-based systems predominate in volume by about 10-fold [6, 7]. Other thermoset resins used in reinforced form are phenolics, vinyl esters, and polyimides. Details of the properties and applications of these thermoset systems will be further discussed in the following section. 

General experimental procedure for Yamamoto epoxidation of homoallylic alcohols To a mixture of hydroxamic acid 21 (0.02 mmoi) and toiuene (0.25 mL) at room temperature was added VO(0/-Pr)3 (0.01 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8hours. After that time, 88% cumene hydroperoxide (1.5 mmol) was added, followed by homoallyhc alcohol (l.Ommol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours and then quenched by the addition of trimethyiphos-phite (1.5 mmol). The mixture was extracted with ethyi acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gei to give the desired epoxide. 

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