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Culture and treatment

A market basket survey, however, is unique in that untreated control commodities, as the term is normally used in residue studies, cannot be obtained. In a market basket survey, food commodities are collected at the consumer level and not from controlled field tests. By design, the cultural and treatment details for the collected commodities are expected to differ from sample to sample. This factor enables the collected commodities to represent the spectrum of conditions under which crops are supplied for human consumption. [Pg.242]

The antiviral effect of any compound must be measured against its toxicity. Once cells are seeded and treated following the guidelines above, a neutral red dye uptake assay (2) is performed to assess toxicity. Other assays of cytotoxicity (e.g., MTT) can be substituted for the procedure described below. Note that this procedure assesses toxicity under culture and treatment conditions that are identical to those used for the antiviral analyses, thereby permitting a determi-... [Pg.60]

Direct inoculation from a puncture wound or abrasion can cause cutaneous infection. A small papule forms and enlarges to a purplish red, sharply marginated mass topped with a hemorrhagic vesicle or bulla. Necrosis of the bulla ensues and satellite vesicles appear. Diagnosis is made by culture, and treatment is with penicillin and tetracycline. [Pg.798]

The research was supported by the following Italian Institutions Fondazione Banca del Monte di Lombardia, University of Pavia (Fondi di Ateneo per la Ricerca, FAR 2013), and MIUR (PRIN 2009—Research projects of national interest). The authors wish to thank Ms. Paola Veneroni for cell cultures and treatments and Valeria Maria Piccolini, Veronica Dal Bo, and Silvia Cerri for immn-nohistochemical reactions. [Pg.176]

This section emphasizes cell cultures and microbial and enzymatic processes and excludes medical, animal, and agricultural engineering systems. Engineering aspec ts of biological waste treatment are covered in Sec. 25. [Pg.2131]

Mammalian Cells Unlike microbial cells, mammalian cells do not continue to reproduce forever. Cancerous cells have lost this natural timing that leads to death after a few dozen generations and continue to multiply indefinitely. Hybridoma cells from the fusion of two mammalian lymphoid cells, one cancerous and the other normal, are important for mammalian cell culture. They produce monoclonal antibodies for research, for affinity methods for biological separations, and for analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of some diseases. However, the frequency of fusion is low. If the unfused cells are not killed, the myelomas 1 overgrow the hybrid cells. The myelomas can be isolated when there is a defect in their production of enzymes involved in nucleotide synthesis. Mammahan cells can produce the necessary enzymes and thus so can the fused cells. When the cells are placed in a medium in which the enzymes are necessaiy for survival, the myelomas will not survive. The unfused normal cells will die because of their limited life span. Thus, after a period of time, the hybridomas will be the only cells left ahve. [Pg.2134]

After a culture and sensitivity report is received, the strain of microorganisms causing the infection is known, and the antibiotic to which these microorganisms are sensitive and resistant is identified. The primary health care provider then selects the antibiotic to which the microorganism is sensitive because that is the antibiotic that will be effective in the treatment of the infection. [Pg.68]

Promoting Optimal Response to Therapy The results of a culture and sensitivity test take several days because time must be allowed for the bacteria to grow on the culture media However, infections are treated as soon as possible In a few instances, the primary health care provider may determine that a penicillin is the treatment of choice until the results of the culture and sensitivity tests are known. In many instances, the primary health care provider selects a broad-spectrum antibiotic (ie, an antibiotic that is effective against many types or strains of bacteria) for initial treatment because of the many penicillin-resistant strains of microorganisms. [Pg.71]

Before therapy is begun, culture and sensitivity tests (see Chap. 7) are performed to determine which antibiotic will best control the infection. These drug are of no value in the treatment of infections caused by a virus or fungus. There may be times when a secondary bacterial infection has occurred or potentially will occur when the patient has a fungal or viral infection. The primary health care provider may then order one of die... [Pg.87]

Smee DE, Bailey KW, Morrison AC, SidweU RW (2002) Combination treatment of influenza A virus infections in ceU culture and in mice with the cyclopentane neuraminidase inhibitor RWJ-270201 and ribavirin. Chemotherapy 48 88-93... [Pg.152]

Outcomes of treatment in primary care depend on a complex set of interactions between the treatment offered, the practice of health-care professionals, the behaviour of patients, and the system of health care in which the treatment is delivered. The practice of health-care professionals and the behaviour of patients may be influenced by culture and training. Even where cultural norms. [Pg.51]

Preexisting antimicrobial resistance is an increasing cause of treatment failure and is estimated to account for up to 70% of all treatment failures. Geography is the most important factor in HP resistance. Metronidazole-resistant strains are more prevalent in Asia (85%) than North America (30%).15 Primary resistance to amoxicillin and tetracycline remains low in both the United States and Europe. Clarithromycin resistance rates are estimated to be approximately 10% in the United States. Another confounding factor when evaluating potential antibiotic resistance is that culture and sensitivity studies are not routinely performed with HP infection. [Pg.276]

Treatment Exit-site infections may be treated immediately with empiric coverage, or treatment may be delayed until cultures return. Empiric treatment of catheter-related infections should cover S. aureus. Coverage for P. aeruginosa should also be included if the patient has a history of infections with this organism.49 Cultures and sensitivity testing are particularly important in tailoring antibiotic therapy for catheter-related infections to ensure eradication of the organism and prevent recurrence or related peritonitis. [Pg.399]

Clinical improvement should be seen within 48 hours of initiating treatment for peritonitis or catheter-related infections. Perform daily inspections of peritoneal fluid or the exit site to determine clinical improvement. Peritoneal fluid should become clear with improvement of peritonitis and erythema and discharge should remit with improvement of catheter-related infections. If no improvement is seen within 48 hours, obtain additional cultures and cell counts to determine the appropriate alterations in therapy. [Pg.400]

Modify treatment regimen based on results of culture and sensitivity testing, if necessary... [Pg.942]

Empirical therapy for postoperative infections in neurosurgical patients (including patients with CSF shunts) should include vancomycin in combination with either cefepime, ceftazidime, or meropenem. Linezolid has been reported to reach adequate CSF concentrations and resolve cases of meningitis refractory to vancomycin.35 However, data with linezolid are limited. The addition of rifampin should be considered for treatment of shunt infections. When culture and sensitivity data are available, pathogen-directed antibiotic therapy should be administered. Removal of infected devices is desirable aggressive antibiotic therapy (including high-dose intravenous antibiotic therapy plus intraventricular vancomycin and/or tobramycin) may be effective for patients in whom hardware removal is not possible.36... [Pg.1044]

Monitor culture and sensitivity data from the microbiology laboratory to determine whether any refinements are needed in the patient s treatment regimen. Design a therapeutic plan to finish out the patient s course of therapy for acute meningitis. [Pg.1046]

Blood cultures are the essential laboratory test for the diagnosis and treatment of IE. Typically, patients with IE have a low-grade consistent bacteremia, with approximately 80% of cases having less than 100 CFU/mL in the bloodstream.1 Blood culture results are critical for determining the most appropriate therapy. Three blood culture sets should be drawn within the initial 24 hours to determine the etiologic agent. [Pg.1092]

Assess any repeat blood cultures and vital signs to determine continued treatment effectiveness. [Pg.1103]

Describe the role of culture and susceptibility information for diagnosis and treatment of intraabdominal infections. [Pg.1129]

Evaluate microbiology culture data and other laboratory tests utilized for the diagnosis and treatment of bone infections. [Pg.1177]

Antimicrobial therapy should be modified based on culture and sensitivity data of appropriately collected specimens (Table 78-2).2 17 ls Typically, treatment is initiated with intravenous antimicrobials to ensure that therapeutic drug concentrations will... [Pg.1181]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.75 ]




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