Meat and bone meal

In the United States, more than 16.3 x 10 kg of human-inedible raw materials are available each year, and the rendering industry is a valuable asset in diverting these into valuable ingredients for use primarily in animal foods (4). The three largest meat packers are responsible for nearly four-fifths of aU red meat production (5) and enormous amounts of rendered meat meal and animal fat. Three broiler producers account for about 40% of the total broiler production. American Proteins, Inc. (RosweU, Georgia), the world s largest processor of poultry by-products, produces more than 450,000 t of poultry meal, feather meal, and poultry fat each year. It also produces more than 100,000 t of fish meal, fish oil, and fish products each year. Pish meal production worldwide in 1986 was estimated at 6.23 x 10 t, which with the 125 x 10 t of meat and bone meal plus 6.67 x 10 t of feather meal and poultry by-product meal (6) is the primary source of animal proteins used by the pet food industry. 

Legume forages, such as alfalfa or clover, are considered high quaHty, readily available protein sources. Animal sources of supplemental protein include meat and bone meal blood meal, 80% CP fish meal other marine products and hydroly2ed feathermeal, 85—90% CP. Additionally, synthetic amino acids are available commercially. Several sources (3,9,19) provide information about the protein or amino acid composition of feedstuffs. 

Meat and bone meal Soybean meal Cottonseed meal... 

Modified to avoid the inclusion of meat-and-bone meal. 

Modified to avoid the inclusion of groundnut meal, meat-and-bone meal and pure methionine in the original formulas. 

Murray, I, Aucott, L. S. and Pike, I. H. (2001) Use of discriminant analysis on visible and near infrared reflectance spectra to detect adulteration of fish meal with meat and bone meal. 

Baeten, V., Michotte Renier, A., Sinnaeve, G. and Dardenne, P. (2001) Analyses of feed-ingstuffs by near-infrared microscopy (NIRM) detection and quantification of meat and bone meal (MBM), Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Food Authenticity and Safety, 28-30 November 2000, Nantes, pp. 1-11. 

Michotte Renier, A., Baeten, V, Sinnaeve, G., Fernandez Pierna, A. and Dardenne, P. (2004) The NIR camera a new perspective for meat and bone meal detection in feedingstuffs, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (A. Garrido, et al. eds), April, Cordoba, Spain. 

These features, the fact that the disease typically takes 3 to 5 years to manifest itself, and the industry practice of capturing the nutritional and economic value of carcasses by feeding unused components, in the form of meat and bone meal, to succeeding generations of cattle combined to lead to widespread infection within the U.K. population when the disease did appear. 

Meat and Bone Meal is the rendered product from mammal tissues, including bone, exclusive of any added blood, hair, hoof, horn, hide trimmings, manure, stomach, and rumen contents, except in such amounts as may occur unavoidably in good processing practices. It shall contain a minimum of 4.0% phosphorous (P), and the calcium (Ca) level shall not be more than 2.2 times the actual phosphorous (P) level. 

The major animal protein ingredients are all important feed ingredients for livestock, poultry, aquaculture, and pet food diets throughout the world. Meat and bone meal (MBM), meat meal, and poultry byproduct meal (PBM) comprise the largest available quantities. Animal proteins contribute not only protein but are also excellent sources of amino acids, fat, essential fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. Thus, when compared with other protein ingredients, multiple nutrients are derived from animal protein ingredient sources in addition to the protein and amino acids. 

Meat and Bone Meal Blood Meal Feather Meal Poultry By-Product Meal Menhaden Fishmeal... 

The ABPR approval does not affect the current EU total ban on the feeding of animal protein meals to farmed animals, which is a separate issue and remains in force until all the meat and bone meal in storage (approximately 400,000-500,000 tons) at present, awaiting incineration, does not hnd its way into the feed chain. The EU has also developed tests to differentiate the different types of animal protein meals. Such tests are needed in order to lift the ban for fishmeal and allow for traceability. However, the ABPR establishes clear safety rules for the production of meat and bone meal in case it is ever reauthorized for inclusion in feed for nonruminant species. Concurrent with the feed ban has been a ban against the export of animal protein meals. The United States was once the world s largest exporter with over a million tons exported per year now that figure is less than 300,000 tons (35). The timeline of the BSE situation follows ... 

The United Kingdom requires new cases of BSE to be reported and investigated, bans the feeding of ruminant-derived meat and bone meal protein (MBM) to ruminants, and introduces a mandatory slaughter and compensation plan for detected cases. 

Instead of expensive complex nitrogen sources cheaper products like silage juice [49] or meat and bone meal hydrolysate can successfully be applied in PHA production processes [39]. 

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