Crude characteristic data

To a solution of alcohol 4a-4f and 6a-6e (3.0 mmol) and mono-alkoxy silane le (2.0 mmol) in CH2CI2, was added Mn(CO)5Br (0.022 g, 4.0 mol%) and the reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 h. The volatile components were removed under reduced pressure and the crude mixture was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane (100 ml.) followed by hexane ethyl acetate (25 1) to give the pure product as a colorless liquid. The yields and characteristic data for 5a-5f and 7a-7e are presented below. 

Rasmussen [82] describes a gas chromatographic analysis and a method for data interpretation that he has successfully used to identify crude oil and bunker fuel spills. Samples were analysed using a Dexsil-300 support coated open tube (SCOT) column and a flame ionisation detector. The high-resolution chromatogram was mathematically treated to give GC patterns that were a characteristic of the oil and were relatively unaffected by moderate weathering. He compiled the GC patterns of 20 crude oils. Rasmussen [82] uses metal and sulfur determinations and infrared spectroscopy to complement the capillary gas chromatographic technique. 

Preliminary Examination of PATE Imaging Characteristics. The data herein have shown that PATE resins are easily photolyzed in the deep UV region to form crosslinked films which are of sufficient integrity for photoresists. However, in addition to these film performance properties, a potential resist material must meet other equally important criteria. For example, the masked (unphotolyzed) portion of the resist film must be removed prior to etching, without damage to the cured film. Also, the cured films must withstand an etchant bath. Therefore, since PATE resins seem to meet the necessary requirements of solubility and solvent resistance, investigation of performance under crude simulated processing conditions was undertaken. 

In Figures 8 and 9 are shown the data for the dependence of the characteristic film buildup time t on Apg and U. In accord with the model, t is found to be independent of U, with only a very weak dependence on Apg indicated. This latter result could in part be a function of experimental inaccuracy. The data reduction for t introduces no assumptions beyond that needed to draw the exponential flux decline curves such as those shown in Figures 2 and 3. However, an error analysis shows that the maximum errors relative to the exponential curve fits occur at the earlier times of the experiment. This is seen in the typical error curve plotted in Figure 10. The error analysis indicates that during the early fouling stage the relatively crude experimental procedure used is not sufficiently accurate or possibly that the assumed flux decline behavior is not exponential at the early times. In any case, it follows that the accuracy of the determination of 6f is greater than that for t. 

We wish, now, to report what we believe is the first successful attempt to derive quantitative data from C13 NMR spectra and in particular to discuss application of the method to simple organic mixtures, to a liquid coal derivative, to two coal derivatives having desirable solubility characteristics, and to a crude oil. 

For resenroir engineering calculations various properties of the crude oil and its associated gas and water must be known. It will be shown that theoretically many of these properties could be calculated by the methods presented in previous chapters, provided the composition of the system is known and complete equilibrium constant data for all of the components are available. However, since this information is seldom at hand, values of the reservoir fluid characteristics are usually experimentally determined or approximated by methods that experience has shown to be sufliciently accurate for most engineering computations. 

Producing PAH isolates by a general scheme from complex, fossil-derived materials is made difficult by the wide variation in sample characteristics. The scheme presented here requires considerably more study to determine general applicability and actual separation efficiencies, but preliminary data indicate much promise in this approach. Figure 2 shows the sequence of steps which involve three-solvent distributions and two-column chromatographic purifications. A typical separation proceeds as follows (1) 1-2 g of crude liquid are dissolved in 500 mL... 

Comparative laboratory evaluations of silica-alumina, silica-magnesia, and activated-clay catalysts have been confirmed by performance characteristics in pilot-plant and commercial operations (5,51,100,131,236,274). The important differences are illustrated in Table XII, which shows data obtained in a pilot plant when cracking a mixture of virgin and coke-still gas oils derived from West Texas crude. The blend contained about 10% of material boiling just below the end point of gasoline. 

Star fruit juice also induced seizures when applied to cortical areas, showing that convulsant activity is present in crude star fruit extracts. The present data confirm the excitatory profile of AcTx and star fruit extracts. The progressive and sustained EEG epileptiform activity induced by AcTx is a characteristic of known... 

The use of NMR for the compositional analysis of crude oils and fractionated products is routine in industrial production. Common analyses include the determination of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon content, average structural parameters such as the percentages of n-paraffins, / 6>-paraffins, cyclo-paraffins, mono-, di-, and poly aromatics. These data are used for the development of correlations between the compositions and their characteristics.Spectral editing such as DEPT is routinely used for the unambiguous assignments of resonances in complex mixtures, and recent trends indicate the utility of 2D-correlation techniques for such purpose. " In addition, NMR is used to determine additive constituents... 

The principal reservoir characteristics and technical data on the field prior to the commencement of steam flooding were as follows depth down to the producing horizon was variable-ffom 90 to 150 m average thickness of the bed-iSO m bed porosity-28% permeability-1 Darcy oil fill-80% speciric gravity of crude oil under surface conditions-0.93 g/cmh oil viscosity-165 centipoise tar content of crude-45% formation pressure immediately prior to the commencement of steam Ireatment-from 1 to 3 kg/cm temperature from 4 to 6°C oil recovery factor during the 40 years of conventional production prior to EOR work-14% number of wells drilled into the block X of the field-52 number of separate unit areas-9 area of each unit-from 0.34 to 0.87 ha. 

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