Critical success factors, product

Cooper, R. G. and Kleinschmidt, E. J. 1995 Benchmarking the Finu s Critical Success Factors in New Product Development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12(5), 374-391. 

The objective of using a mathematical optimization model is to identify network design alternatives that best exploit structural cost differences between various locations and resolve trade-offs between different cost elements such as production cost advantages and additional transporta-tion/tariff costs. Therefore, relationships expressing the costs that will be incurred as a function of cost drivers (decision variables of the model) have to be established. A proper creation of these cost functions is a critical success factor of the overall analysis (cf. Shapiro 2001, p. 234 Vidal and Goetschalckx 1996, p. 13). 

In addition to this general approach to exploring the solution space, the model can also be used to evaluate individual configuration options such as plant expansions, construction of new plants or closure of existing plants. For questions like "what happens if we close a production line at site X" the model has to provide recommendations on where to relocate affected products and calculate the economic impact of the decision. Depending on the critical success factors of the business ("order winning cri-... 

In principle, the technical problems can be solved if sufficient time and money is available. But the results will not always be as desired, and it will initially be necessary to accept many compromises in terms of scale, yields, reproducibility and cost of production. Given the technical feasibility, the impact of time, money and lower than expected performance tend to be neglected. In the end they may be critical success factors ... 

As pharmaceutical companies strive to increase productivity and decrease costs, they must improve their skills in dealing with CROs. This chapter examines the challenges of outsourcing clinical drug development activities and identifies critical success factors for working with CROs. 

Validation has been a critical success factor in product approval and ongoing commercialization [14]. It serves as a formal link of the process to the product [10], focusing on quality but often concurrently addressing critical business concerns. Each Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) step must be controlled to maximize... 

In recent years sourcing continues to be one of the most critical success factors for the garment industry. The expanding global trade, increased consumer demand, fast fashion, increased product accessibility, and competitive pricing have forced suppliers, designers, product manufacturers, and retailers to seek alternative sources of supply. 

The attractive price and commercial availability of lactic acid were important reasons why PLA became the first mass-produced bio-based polyester. The critical success factor for a final breakthrough of all green chemicals and plastics based on annually renewable materials is economic sustainability. Thus, the very basis of cost-competitive PLA is an industrial fermentative production process for lactic acid with efficient use of carbohydrates followed by excellent purification technology with minimum generation of by-products. 

Silva (2001) considers that for small and medium companies to be regarded as pioneers in product development, it is not a critical success factor. So, additional scrutiny is applied to the study of manufacture and assembly, the structured assessments of conditions and the productive resources, internally and externally available, as a means of reducing costs and optimizing deadlines for product launching. 

The chemical-physical properties of nanocomposite and membrane finds unique place in sensor application due to combinational properties. The basic use of nanocomposite is to the products, which show many folds of improvement on the physical and mechanical properties or on the processing properties upon addition of very minute quantity of nanomaterials [99], Nanoscale particles not only enhance the mechanical properties but also have wide potential in the field of electronic, magnetic, optical, and chemical field. The polymer nanocomposites provide improvement over other known composites in thermal, mechanical, electrical, and even air barrier properties [64-70], Formulation of nanocomposite membranes with suitable polymer, suitable nanoparticles, and the processing technology of the nanocomposite are critical to success factor to dominate the gas sensor product in the market. 

Amorphous solid dispersions can be successfully transformed into an appropriate solid form like a tablet or ahard gelatin capsuleby judiciously selecting the processing technologies. Critical process parameters must be identified and excipients carefully selected in order to obtain a final drug product with the desired quality attributes. Each of these factors plays a critical role in developing a successful commercial product from a solid amorphous dispersion. 

The sale of hides is on a weight basis. The value of a hide depends on the type of animal, the seasonal characteristics, the location of the slaughter, the type of cure, and the market conditions. Cost of the hides is about 50% of the sale price of the leather, so an accurate knowledge of the hides and the leathermaking potential of the hides is critical to commercial success. In the case of furs and exotic skin leather production, the value of the pelt is by far the most important factor (7). 

The factors that favour successful industrial innovation have been memorably analysed by a team at the Science Policy Research Unit at Sussex University, in England (Rothwell et al. 1974). In this project (named SAPPHO) 43 pairs of attempted similar innovations one successful in each pair, one a commercial failure - were critically compared, in order to derive valid generalisations. One conclusion was The responsible individuals (i.e., technical innovator, business innovator, chief executive, and - especially - product champion) in the successful attempts are usually more senior and have greater authority than their counterparts who fail . 

The success of the multifunctional initiators in the preparation of block and graft copolymers depends critically on the kinetics and mechanism of radical production. In particular, the initiator efficiency, the susceptibility to and mechanism of transfer to initiator, and the relative stability of the various radical generating functions. Each of these factors has a substantial influence on the nature and homogeneity of the polymer formed. Features of the kinetics of polymerizations initiated by multifunctional initiators have been modeled by O Driscoll and Bevington 64 and Choi and Lei.265... 

In rhodium hydroformylations, highly efficient separation and recovery of catalyst becomes imperative, because of the very expensive nature of the catalyst. Any loss, by trace contamination of product, leakage, or otherwise, of an amount of rhodium equivalent to 1-2 parts per million (ppm) of aldehyde product, would be economically severe. The criticalness of this feature has contributed to some pessimism regarding the use of rhodium in large hydroformylation plants (63). However, recent successful commercialization of rhodium-catalyzed processes has proved that with relatively simple process schemes losses are not a significant economic factor (103, 104). 

The example presented in section 6.4 of this chapter showed that process synthesis can be applied to structured food products. Moreover this application is of true value since significant cost savings could be achieved. However, a complete methodology is not yet available. One of the main outstanding questions is how to perform the identified (necessary) tasks in an optimal sequence to obtain the desired product Besides this the success of application depends critically on the availability of domain knowledge about all relevant aspects of the process. Several factors relevant for food processing were not considered in this example ... 

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