Trade globalization

There is little mystery behind the fact that opium, as such an extremely addictive drug, that creates such intense euphoria, became a world commodity when left unregulated. By the late nineteenth century, opium was traded globally on an enormous scale, tantamount to other major products such as coffee and tea. As millions of people became addicts, and the terrible withdrawal effects were increasingly realized, an anti-opium crusade developed in many nations with the goal of eradicating opium altogether. 

Finally, in Section 3.8, Economic Issues and Competitiveness, we learn how chemical producers are facing a major change in the patterns of trade, globally. In particular, chemical producers in the United States and other OECD countries are facing stiffer competition from newer producers in the Middle East and Asia. 

Chemical producers are facing a major change in the patterns of trade, globally. 

Dirty Do n Feticides Banned but Still Traded, Global Pesticide Campaigner 1999, Vol. 9 No. 1... 

The perishable nature of potatoes limits the market of this raw material to the region of production what is produced in Europe is predominantly consumed in Europe. On the other side, cereals are commodities traded globally and therefore subject to the dynamics of a global market. A recent demonstration of these global dynamics was the temporary shortage of cereal on the market caused, among others, by an increased demand for food coming from China and India, bad weather conditions and the use of cereals as feedstock for bioethanol production. 

However, the annual value of petroleum products is extremely volatile. This is because of the wildly swinging price for crude oil, one of the most heavily traded global commodities. In 2005, the global oil and gas market reached a value of 1.8 trillion. This... 

An insurance company may in turn cede part of its risk to one or several reinsurance companies, who trade globally and therefore diversify risks further. To share some of its acquired risks, a reinsurer may also retrocede parts of their portfolios to other reinsurance companies. 

Globally, BASF, Bayer (Miles in North America), Dow, and ICI historically have been the leading producers of aromatic isocyanates. In North America, Olin is a principal suppHer of TDI and aUphatic isocyanates. Rhc ne-Poulenc and Hoechst are principal suppHers in Europe. A listing of all the principal global suppHers and their respective products and trade names is presented in Tables 5 and 6. A breakdown of isocyanate demand by region is presented in Table 7. 

Marketing forecasts for batteries have been compiled from the Annual Reports published by several battery companies. Information based on the trade journals and investor s brochures, which surveyed and evaluated the present and future global distribution of battery types, was collected. Points of interest were the availability of batteries and their performance/cost ratios, but also geographical usage in connection with social considerations, such as per-... 

The direct search for a global optimum may not uncover some of the Pareto-optimal solutions close to the overall optimum, which might be good trade-off solutions of interest to the decision maker. 

Trade in chemical substances, many of which may be potentially harmful, is of course international, and the application of the products of the chemicals industry is essentially global. Main sectors of use include ... 

Standards are being used in the context of Analytical Quality Assurance, which is the demonstration to the end-user that the delivered product, the measurement data, are reliable and have been made according to the best practices currently possible. Standards facilitate, some would say are essential to, living and trading in the global village. Standards have become standard in everyday life. 

The Justice Department, Federal Trade Commission, and USDA should be directed to ensure that agriculture has a multitude of competitive markets. I concur with those who argue that rather than promoting a global supermarket run by multinational cor-... 

Hertwich, E. Peters, G. Carbon footprint of nations A global, trade-linked analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43,6414-6420. 

Carotenoids are one of the most abundant groups of pigments found in nature. Every year more than 100 million tonnes of them are being synthesized in the biosphere. Nearly 600 molecular species of carotenoids are currently identified (Del Campo et al., 2007). As powerful antioxidants, vitamin precursors, natural colorants, and odorants they became a serious global market commodity accounting for almost 1 billion dollars of the yearly trade (BCC research, 2007). 

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