Critical defined

It has now been established that the single property which most critically defines a fire is the heat release, in particular its peak value which is indicative of the maximum intensity of the fire[l-3]. This introduction is required in order to understand one of the premises of the present work, viz. the usefulness of measuring rate of heat release and of combining its measurement with that of smoke. 

Properties of films with nanocrystals are primarily determined during the growth by the particular deposition technique chosen. Equally important is the choice of the substrate and the complementary, matrice, components, which critically define the compositions quality and properties. 

The critical defining feature that can help the clinician be more certain of a borderline diagnosis is the history. As noted in chapter 4, many individuals may transiently experience borderline characteristics while in the throes of a major Axis I disorder (for example, a depression), only to recompensate when the Axis I problem resolves. A more definitive diagnosis of borderline disorder emerges when there is a well-documented history of ego impairment dating back to adolescence or early adulthood—"stable instability."... 

Free water in jet fuels can be detected by the use of the Karl Fischer titration method (ASTM D-1744) or by observing color changes when chemicals go into aqueous solution (ASTM D-3240). The standard water reaction test for jet fuel (ASTM D-1094, IP 289) is the same as for aviation gasoline, but the interface and separation ratings are more critically defined. Test assessment is by subjective visual observation and, although quite precise when made by an experienced operator, the test can cause rating difficulties under borderline conditions. As a consequence, a more objective test, known as the water separometer test, is now included in many specifications (ASTM D-2550). 

The color produced is very sensitive to the reaction conditions used, which have to be critically defined for the color intensity to be used as a quantitative parameter. 

The critical defining properties of a chromatographic process are as follows ... 

Incorporation of these features Into a theory of stress-induced crystallization can be done In more than one way. The results, however, are Identical. In this paper a derivation differing from the orlglnal t Is presented. The model adopted here Is more critically defined than before and a little more tedious mathematically. Following development of the useful equations a brief analysis of Gent s data on gutta percha Is presented. 

This concept can be extended to mixtures if the pseudo-critical constants of the mixture and a mixture reduction group are defined. This gives the... 

The critical molar volume is defined using the acentric factor by the following, relations . 

For our needs, the saturation pressure of a mixture will be defined as the vapor pressure of a pure component that has the same critical constants as the mixture ( JT... 

The experiment could be repeated at a number of different temperatures and initial pressures to determine the shape of the two-phase envelope defined by the bubble point line and the dew point line. These two lines meet at the critical point, where it is no longer possible to distinguish between a compressed gas and a liquid. 

CTB 941.2-93 defines laboratories subject to accreditation in National system. Among others laboratories with legal status, results of testing and measurements of which are used in assessment of safety of products, works and services, in diagnostics of technical state of critical safety objects and vehicles are noted. These laboratories use different NDT methods in their activities. 

This definition is in terms of a pool of liquid of depth h, where z is distance normal to the surface and ti and k are the liquid viscosity and thermal diffusivity, respectively [58]. (Thermal diffusivity is defined as the coefficient of thermal conductivity divided by density and by heat capacity per unit mass.) The critical Ma value for a system to show Marangoni instability is around 50-100. 

The figures in the table show clearly how rapidly / increases with x, and it is generally sufficient to define the critical supersaturation pressure such that In / is some arbitrary value such as unity. 

In principle, nucleation should occur for any supersaturation given enough time. The critical supersaturation ratio is often defined in terms of the condition needed to observe nucleation on a convenient time scale. As illustrated in Table IX-1, the nucleation rate changes so rapidly with degree of supersaturation that, fortunately, even a few powers of 10 error in the preexponential term make little difference. There has been some controversy surrounding the preexponential term and some detailed analyses are available [33-35]. 

From what you know about wetting, contact angles, and spread monolayers, explain why a Langmuir-Blodgett layer will deposit as a F type if there are nonpolar fatty acids, yet will switch to a Z-type deposition if bipolar alcohols or amines are added (see Refs. 175, 176). What defines the critical contact angle for the deposition change ... 

The surface work fiincdon is fonnally defined as the minimum energy needed m order to remove an electron from a solid. It is often described as being the difference in energy between the Fenni level and the vacuum level of a solid. The work ftmction is a sensitive measure of the surface electronic structure, and can be measured in a number of ways, as described in section B 1.26.4. Many processes, such as catalytic surface reactions or resonant charge transfer between ions and surfaces, are critically dependent on the work ftmction. 

Redlich [3] has criticized the so-called zeroth law on the grounds that the argument applies equally well for the introduction of any generalized force, mechanical (pressure), electrical (voltage), or otherwise. The difference seems to be that the physical nature of these other forces has already been clearly defined or postulated (at least in the conventional development of physics) while in classical thennodynamics, especially in the Bom-Caratheodory approach, the existence of temperature has to be inferred from experiment. 

The divergence m the correlation length is characterized by the critical exponent v defined by... 

Figure A2.5.17. The coefficient Aias a fimction of temperature T. The line IRT (shown as dashed line) defines the critical point and separates the two-phase region from the one-phase region, (a) A constant K as assumed in the simplest example (b) a slowly decreasing K, found frequently in experimental systems, and (c) a sharply curved K T) that produces two critical-solution temperatures with a two-phase region in between.

In figure A3.3.9 the early-time results of the interface fonnation are shown for = 0.48. The classical spinodal corresponds to 0.58. Interface motion can be simply monitored by defining the domain boundary as the location where i = 0. Surface tension smooths the domain boundaries as time increases. Large interconnected clusters begin to break apart into small circular droplets around t = 160. This is because the quadratic nonlinearity eventually outpaces the cubic one when off-criticality is large, as is the case here. 

As a increases, a critical value " i-.iiiis reached each time the th layer of target atoms moves out of the shadow cone allowing for large-angle backscattering (BS) or small-/i collisions as shown in figure Bl.23.3. If the BS intensity 1, is monitored as a fimction of a, steep rises [36] witli well defined maxima are observed when the... 

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