Creosote salts

Blaugas Coal Coal briquettes, hot Coal gas, 2.3 Coal gas, compressed, 2.1, 2.3 Coal tar, crude and solvent Coal tar distillates, flammable, 3, 3.2,3.3 Coal tar naphtha Coal tar oil Coke, hot Creosote Creosote (coal tar or wood tar) Creosote salts Cresols (o-, m-, p-), 6.1, 8 Cresols (ortho- meta- para-), liquid or solid, 6.1 Dead oil Fischer Tropsch gas Fischer-Tropsch gas compressed, 2.2 Iron oxide, spent (obtained fix)m coal gas purification), 4.2 Iron sponge, spent, 4.2 Iron sponge, spent (obtained from coal gas purification), 4.2 Prilled coal tar Synthesis gas Synthesis gas, compressed Water gas Water gas, compressed... 

Creosol (also called 2-methoxy-jb-cresol, 4-methylguaiacol, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxytoluene) has been obtained by the fractionation of beach creosote tar,4 by the reduction of vanillin by electrolytic methods,6 6 by hydrogen and palladium on charcoal or barium sulfate,7 8 with hydrazine,9 and by amalgamated zinc and hydrochloric acid.3 10 11 It has also been prepared by methyl-ation of 4-methylcatechol with methyl iodide 12 13 or with methyl sulfate 14 and is reported to be formed by the distillation of the calcium salt of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.16... 

Termites and powder post beetles cause many thousands of dollars loss of wood installations. Creosoting and vacuum-pressure impregnation of Wolman salts into pine lumber provides protection however, there exist many structures where in situ protection against termites would be of value. 

Other chemicals tried in the two decades between 1920 and 1940 include sodium or calcium chlorate, mineral oils, rock salt, copper sulfate, creosote, and ammonium thiocyanate. These latter compounds while tried never showed enough promise to be widely used (1,2). 

Wood and man have coexisted on this planet from the beginning and wood, as a renewable resource, has provided man with tools, weapons and shelter. During the millennia of man s development he learned how to make it harder and stronger. This modification was accomplished by drying and heat tempering his wooden tools and weapons. As man increased his knowledge of the world he lived in he attempted other modifications of the basic resource to better fit his increased requirements. Over the years tars, pitches, creosote, resins and salts have been used to coat wood or fill its porous structure. 

Many of the biocides presently used in wood preservation preparations, e.g. pentachlorophenol (PCP), linane (y-HCH), creosote, and copper chromium arsenic-salts... 

Organic Preservatives. In contrast to inorganic salts, the organic preservatives are much less reactive with wood. This is particularly true for the standard preservative—creosote and pentachlo-rophenol (penta). Nevertheless, some of the other minor-use or new preservatives are more reactive and undergo various reactions with... 

Care must be taken in carrying out this test tliat alcohol and ether, should they be present, do not prevent the luminescence of the vapours. Turpentine and other volatile oils, as well as phenol and creosote, often completely prevent it furthermore, red phosphorus does not produce this luminescence, but mixtures of sulphur and phosphorus, such as are found in match-heads, will cause it. According to Polstorff and Mensching, the luminescence is also hindered by the presence of mercury salts. Copper salts and sulphuretted hydrogen also said to interfere. Even after continued distillation, the whole of the phosphorus will not be found in the distillate O. Schifferdecker calculates that for ev cry milligram of phosphorus in the distillate, the original substance contained 1 5 to 2 0 mg. 

Coal Tar Products. The presence of coal tar creosote metabolites in the urine of humans and rabbits receiving calcium creosote (a calcium salt of creosote) tablets was evidence that this salt of creosote was absorbed following ingestion (Fellows 1937, 1939b). Furthermore, evidence exists that certain PAHs found in coal tar creosote such as anthracene (Rahman et al. 1986), benzo[a]pyrene (Hecht et al. 1979 Rahman et al. 1986 Rees et al. 1971 Yamazaki et al. 1987), chrysene (Chang 1943 Modica et al. 1983), and phenanthrene (Rahman et al. 1986) are absorbed following oral administration in animals. 

In the early stages of the war plans for the covert use of gas and germ weapons had been relatively crude. During the Libyan campaign of 1940, the British War Cabinet had pondered various methods of contaminating German water supplies with easily available substances such as acid, salt and creosote.3 By 1942 the British Special Operations Executive had been supplied with a range of gas... 

Preservatives, Although not generally classified as wood finishes, preservatives do protect wood against weathering and decay, and much preservative-treated wood is exposed without any additional finish (4), The following are the three main types of preservative (an example of each is given in parentheses) (4) preservative oils (coal-tar creosote), organic solvent solutions (pentachlorophenol), and waterborne salts (chromated copper arsenate). 

An array of products can be made via coal conversion processes. For example, refined coal tar is used in the manufacture of chemicals, such as creosote oil, naphthalene, phenol, and benzene. Ammonia gas recovered from coke ovens is used to manufacture ammonia salts, nitric acid, and agricultural fertilizers. Thousands of different products have coal or coal by-products as components soap, aspirins, solvents, dyes, plastics, and fibers, such as rayon and nylon. 

Dead oil. See Creosote oil Dead Sea Bath Salts. See Sea salt DEAE. Seepiethylaminoethanol DEAE-cellulose. See Diethylaminoethyl cellulose... 

Waterborne systems (approximately 15% of the market) are applied in the same way as creosote but rely on the preservative effects of CCA salts (chrome copper arsenate Cr03.Cu0.As205). Metal leaching is an issue with such systems. 

Anti-stripping agents are chemical substances that have a similar composition to emulsifiers and are divided into (a) anionic type, such as organic acids (creosote) and fatty acids (oleic acid, stearic acid, pine pitch, etc.), and (b) cationic type, such as amines (simple amines, diamines, tertiary amines, polyamines and imidazolines) and salts of quaternary ammonium. 

Creosote and chromated copper arsenate (CCA) have been widely used as preservatives for antibacterial treatment of wood. In spite of their excellence in this property, they have some drawbacks in toxicity. Therefore, less toxic and environmentally-benign chemicals are expected to be used. Quaternary alkylammonium salts are, thus, one of the candidates for the anti-microbial treatment of wood. In this study of wood-inorganic composites, trimethoxysilylpropyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (TMSAC), shown below, was used as a property enhancer to add an anti-bacterial property to wood (Tanno, 1997). 

WOOD PRESERVATIVES. In laboratory tests, wood preservatives were found to vary greatly in their corrouvity to aluminum alloys. Some caused less than 1 mpy attack while others, particularly those containing copper or mercury salts or zinc chloride, were very corrosive. Creosote, zinc napthanate and pentachlorophenol were found to be most compatible with aluminum alloys. None of the w ood preservatives was inhibitive. 

The necessity of monitoring the levels of preservatives (waterborne inorganic salts as well as organic solvents and creosote) in treated timber arises from the fact that such timber is supposed to be treated to specified levels or retentions (kg preservative salt m wood), depending on the biological hazard to... 

Presence of preservatives. Creosote oil, provided it is not present to excess so that it appears on the surface of freshly machined or sanded wood before the adhesive is applied, is not deleterious to R/F or P/F adhesives. Timber preservatives based on pentachlorophenol or tin, even if up to 1% wax has been added, do not influence these materials. Fire retardants based on ammonium salts may interfere with the cross-linking R/F and P/F adhesives such that recommended periods of cure may have to be extended. M-U/F adhesives are adversely affected if wax is added with the preservative. 

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