Crambe

Cracking catalysts Crack-tip shielding Crack-wake bndging Cr3Al Crambe Crambe oil Cranb erry... 

Nylon-13,13 and Nylon-13. The ingredients for nylon-13,13 [26796-68-9] [26796-70-3] and nylon-13 [14465-66-8], [26916-48-3] and their copolymers have become available in developmental quantities from a natural source, crambe and rapeseed oil (176). Emcic acid [112-86-7] is obtained in high yield approaching 50 wt % from the oil and oxidatively cleaved to produce the dicarboxyhc acid, brassyUc acid [505-55-2] and pelargonic acid ... 

Crambe was introduced to the United States in the 1970s. It is an oilseed, the oil of which is very high in emcic acid [112-86-7] (13-docosanoic acid), C22H42O2. This oil can be used to provide industrial lubricants, especially those needed for the basic oxygen furnace process for making steel (qv). Crambe is grown in relatively small volume in the midwestem United States. 

Cramb, A.W. (1999) in Impurities in Engineering Materials Impact, Reliability and Control, ed. Bryant, C.L. (Marcel Dekker, New York) p. 49. 

Fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, have found a variety of applications. Brassilic acid (1,11-un-decanedicarboxylic acid [BA]), an important monomer used in many polymer applications, is prepared from erucic acid (Scheme 2), obtained from rapeseed and crambe abyssinica oils by ozonolysis and oxidative cleavage [127]. For example, an oligomer of BA with 1,3-butane diol-lauric acid system is an effective plasticizer for polyvinylchloride. Polyester-based polyurethane elastomers are prepared from BA by condensing with ethylene glycol-propylene glycol. Polyamides based on BA are known to impart moisture resistance. 

By way of a specific example let us consider erucic acid. The main commercial source of erucic acid is a specially bred form of rape seed (HEAR) as pointed out above. With European consumption being around 60 000 tpa almost 40 000 ha of land are used to grow rapeseed for erucic acid production in Europe. The high level of erucic found in this type of rape seed oil make it unsuitable for human consumption, owing to the indigestibility of such large amounts of this acid. Erucic acid is also the major fatty acid to be found in nasturtium and crambe seeds (up to 75% and 56% respectively), and it is also found in the salad herb, rocket. 

Swift, J. L., Heuff, R. F. and Cramb, D. T. (2006) A two-photon excitation fluorescence cross-correlation assay for a model ligand-receptor binding system using quantum dots. Biophys. J., 90, 1396-1410. 

The leaf flavonoids of the cruciferous species such as Camelina sativa, Crambe abyssinica, Crambe hispanica, Thlaspi arvense, Brassica napus and Sinapis alba were separated and identified with the combination of HPLC, TLC and paper chromatography. Llavonoid aglycones were extracted by cutting fresh three-week-old leaves in tiny pieces and boiled in 50 ml of 2 M HC1 for 45 min. 

J. Onyilagha, A. Bala, R. Hallett, M. Gruber, J. Soroka and N. Westcott, Leaf flavonoids of the cruciferous species, Camelina sativa, Crambe spp., Thlaspi arvense and several other genera of the family Brassicacaea. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 31 (2003) 1309-1322. 

Clouds of glory Many people grow seakale (Crambe maritima) without ever realizing that it is edible. Plants may reach 8 ft (2.5 m) tall, and are covered with white flowers in late spring or early summer. 

Rutabagas Brassica napus Napobrassica Group) Seakale Crambe maritima)... 

Erucic acid, H00C(CH2) CH=CH(CH2)jCH, can be economically obtained from rapeseed ana crambe abyssinica oils and is potentially a major source of industrial materials. It can be ozonized to brassylic acid, HOOCCCH ), COOH, which is known to impart flexibility and moisture resistance to nylons. Here preliminary results of a study of brassylic acid as a monomer for polyester resin/melamine resin coatings are described. It is demonstrated that brassylic acid imparts good flexibility to such coatings. It is also shoim that brassylic acid is polymorphic. 

Becerro MA, Uriz MJ, Turon X, Chemically mediated interactions in benthic organisms The chemical ecology of Crambe crambe (Porifera, Poecilosclerida), HydrobiologiaI)5EJ7— 9, 1997. 

Such plants as Crambe are not numerous - they may constitute less than 7% of the general flora. However, allelochemicals can be not only harmful, but favorable, particularly at low concentration. Chemobrivenko (5) and other Soviet scientists assumed the possibility of positive chemical influence of adjacent plants. American authors. Rice (IQ) among them, took this position much later. 

Peterson, C.J. Coss6, A. Coats, J.R. (2000) Insecticidal components in the meal of Crambe abyssinica. J. Agric. Urban Entomol., 17,27-36. 

Krentz AJ, Dmitrewski J, Mayer D, McMaster P, Buckels J, Dousset B, Cramb R, Smith JM, Nattrass M. Postoperative glucose metabolism in liver transplant recipients. A two-year prospective randomized study of cyclosporine versus FK506. Transplantation 1994 57(ll) 1666-9. 

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