Crambe Glucosinolates

Progoitrin, ((/J)-2-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolate), occurs in rape Brassica napus) and other Brassica species. The (5)-epimer epiprogoitrin, potassium salt amorphous solid, [a]o -14.8° (H2O), is the main glucosinolate in the seeds of sea kale. Crambe spp.), e. g., C. maritima (white sea kale) and C. hispanica (Spanish sea kale). - Glucosinalbin (4-hydroxybenzyl glucosinolate) occurs in Brassica seeds. The salt with... 

Nonetheless, glucosinolates and their derivatives are biologically active and have pronounced effects when consumed in excess or when encountered by certain other organisms. Numerous instances of animal poisonings occur because of these plants. Detoxification of the pressed or extracted seed meals of rape and crambe are important processes because of the large quantities that are used as feed supplements for livestock and poultry (Van Etten and Tookey, 1978). 

C11HJ9NO10S2 389.404 The major glucosinolate from crambe seed. Amorph. solid (as K salt). [a]o -25 (c, 3.4 in H2O). 

Oil crops should be able to produce erucamide so High Eracic Acid Rape (HEAR) varieties and Crambe are the two that are most common. HEAR is grown the same as conventional double-low rape (see Chapter 14) and Crambe is similar to spring oilseed rape in its requirements. Crambe Crambe abyssinica) is a member of the mustard family. The oil contains about 58% emcic acid and the seed coat is high in glucosinolates so must be removed before the meal is suitable for animal feed, and can then be used as a fibre source for low grade paper production. 

Gould, D.H., Gumbmann, M.R. and Daxenbichler, M.E. (1980) Pathological changes in rats fed the Crambe meal - glucosinolate hydrolytic products 2S-l-cyano-2-hydroxy-3,4-epithiobutanes -for 90 days. Food Cosmet. Toxicol, 18, 619-625. 

Crambe seed cake contains high levels of proteins and fibers but also high levels of glucosinolates (3-6% (w/w)) that are toxic after hydroxylation and must be removed if the seed cake will be used as potential nutritional feeds for animals. The high protein and fiber levels make crambe seed cake a potential valuable byproduct in different nonfood fields. The aambe seed cake has been studied for protein-based plastic production (Newson, 2015). In addition, the aambe seed cake may be nseful as an adsorbent material in removing the toxic metals such as cadmium, lead, and chromium from contaminated aqueous solutions (Artus, 2006 Oliveira et al., 2009 Gonsalves et al., 2013 Rubio et al., 2013). 

Crambe could be cultivated as a cover crop. The decomposition and nutrient release from crop residues of crambe in the implementation of no-tillage system has been reported. Heinz et al. (2011) have reported that the kinetics of residue decomposition in crambe were similar to those of nutrient release with an initial rapid phase followed by a slower one. K, P, and Mg are released more quickly for subsequent crops, while the increased speed of nutrients release occurred around 15 days after the biomass management. Due to a high content of glucosinolates, crambe could also be used as a crop for biofumigation. 

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