Coxiella

Q fever BJckettsiae bumeti, also caHed Coxiella bumeti spread by ticks and inhalation... 

Before 1983, branched-chain sugars had not been found in bacterial polysaccharides, but there are now five examples belonging to this class. The LPS from Coxiella burned phase I contains both 6-deoxy-3-C-methyl-L-gulose (L-virenose) as pyranoside (12) and 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-L-lyxose as furan-oside (13). Another 6-deoxy-3-C-methylhexose, having the manno configuration, is a component of the Nitrobacter hamburgiensis 0-antigen. ... 

Amongst the diseases caused by rickettsiae are epidemic typhus, trench fever and murine typhus, caused by R. prowozefa) R. quintana a.nA R. typhi, respectively. Q-fever is caused by Coxiella burned. 

Single positive blood culture for Coxiella burnetii or antiphase I IgG antibody titer greater than 1 800 Evidence of endocardial involvement... 

Rickettsiae, such as Coxiella burnetti and Rickettsia rickettsii. 

Amano, K. and Williams, J.C. (1984) Chemical and immunological characterisation of lipopolysaccharides from phase 1 and phase II Coxiella burnetii. Journal of Bacteriology 160, 994-1002. 

Characteristics As a natural disease Q fever, a rickettsial illness caused by Coxiella burnetii, is typically spread by inadvertent aerosolisation of organisms from infected animal... 

Q fever Highly infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii bacteria a single bacterial cell can produce clinical illness. 

Brucella melitensis (brucellosis) Francisella tularensis (tularemia) Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)... 

Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious bacterium. A single bacterial cell can produce clinical illness. For this reason it is a very strong candidate for use by terrorists via aerosol delivery. While the incubation period is 2 to 14 days, the average is 7 days. In rare instances, incubation period can extend up to 1 month. After infection and proliferation in the lungs, the organisms are picked up by macrophages and carried to the lymph nodes, and from there to the bloodstream. 

Treatment — Various antibiotics are useful in treating Coxiella infections. They include tetracycline, doxycycline, and erythromycin. In cases of endocarditis, treatments with doxycycline combined with rifampin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combined with doxycycline or tetracycline for 12 months or longer have been successful.3... 

BSL 3 Biosafety Level 3 is for work with indigenous or exotic microorganisms, which may cause serious or potentially lethal disease if inhaled. Safety equipment Class I or II biosafety cabinets or other physical containment devices protective laboratory clothing, gloves, respiratory protection as needed. Microorganisms include Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, and Coxiella burnetii. 

Baumgartner, W., Dettinger, H., Schmeer, N., and Hoffmeister, E. (1988) Evaluation of different fixatives and treatments for immunohistochemical demonstration of Coxiella burnetii in paraffin-embedded tissues. J. Clin. Micro. 26, 2044-2047. 

The tetracyclines are still the drugs of choice for treatment of cholera, diseases caused by Rickettsia and Coxiella, granuloma inguinale, relapsing fever, the chlamydial diseases (trachoma, lymphogranuloma... 

Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) B Animals— sheep, goats 10-40 days Rare Standard Non-specific fever Days to 2 weeks Tetracycline, doxycycline... 

Branched-chain monosaccharides have now been detected as components of bacterial polysaccharides. The known examples include yersiniose [3,6-dideoxy-4-C-(hydroxyethyl)-D-xy/o-hexose228] from Y. pseudotuberculosis, a 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)pentofuranose from Coxiella bumetti,229 and 6-deoxy-3-C-methylhexoses from the same organism and from Nitrobacter hamburgiensis.229 Several branched-chain monosaccharides were identified as components of antibiotics, and the pathways of their biosynthesis in bacteria were studied. These investigations were discussed in detail by Grisebach in this Series.230 The usual precursors for the formation of the monosaccharides of this group are the nucleoside 6-deoxyhexosyl-4-ulose diphosphates 7a and 7b. 

Toman, R., Garidel, P., Andra, J., Slaba, K., Hussein, A., Koch, M.H.J., Brandenburg, K. Physicochemical characterization of the endotoxins from Coxiella burnetii strain Priscilla in relation to their bioactivities. BMC Biochem 5 (2004) 1. 

Zusman, T., Aloni, G., Halperin, E., Kotzer, H., Degtyar, E., Feldman, M., Segal, G. The response regulator PmrA is a major regulator of the icm/dot type IV secretion system in Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii. Mol Microbiol 63 (2007) 1508-1523. 

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