Silane coupling

As shown in entries h and i, it is also possible to couple silane-containing boronic acids to the surface of silica. Recently, Shinkai and co-workers attached a reactive boronic diester saccharide to the surface of (60)-fullerenes [65] and in this way obtained soluble (60)-fullerenes with two boronie acids at a defined distance for the selective binding of saccharides. 

As shown in entries b and c in Table 2, it is also possible to couple silane-containing boronic acids to the surface of silica. 

The non-coupling silanes in use are generally quite volatile, and filler coating is often carried out in the gas phase by exposing the filler to their vapours. This ensures maximum reaction with the surface and minimum self-condensation. The silane coupling agents, on the other hand, are less volatile and are usually coated in liquid form, either as neat additives, or from a suitable solvent. 

While not often described in the scientific literature, the use of mixed silane layers is becoming of significant industrial importance. As described by Pape and Plueddemann [74] mixtures of reactive and non-coupling silanes can still give high property levels with improved hydrolytic stability. Mixtures of two different reactive silanes are also reported as being beneficial. 

Hydrosilylation. The addition reaction of silane of silane coupling agents. 

Allyl Glycidyl Ether. This ether is used mainly as a raw material for silane coupling agents and epichlorohydrin mbber. Epichlorohydrin mbber is synthesized by polymerizing the epoxy group of epichlorohydrin, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and aHyl glycidyl ether, AGE, with an aluminum alkyl catalyst (36). This mbber has high cold-resistance. 

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