Silane coupling agents, rubber

Liquid rubbers In order to improve the flexibihty of short glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, Kaynak et al. [53] modified the epoxy resin matrix with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) liquid mbber. A silane coupling agent was also used to improve the interfacial adhesion between glass fibers and epoxy matrix. However, Humpidge et al. [54] reported some unique processing problems for the resulting pasty mixmres when short textile fibers were incorporated in a hquid mbber medium. 

Other additives such as silanes, titanates and zirconates are also used to overcome the processing characteristics of silica fillers. Silanes not only give improved processability of silica-filled compounds, but also provide improved crosslinks between the silica particle surface and the rubber molecular chains giving increased physical properties. The use of silane coupling agents at a... 

Allyl Glycidyl Ether. This ether is used mainly as a raw material for silane coupling agents and epichlorohydrin rubber. 

This chapter has reviewed both the types and the properties of elastomers, compounding with a range of filler or reinforcement systems such as carbon black, and enhancement of tiller performance by novel use of compounding ingredients such as silane coupling agents. Other issues such as antioxidant systems and vulcanization systems were also discussed. The role of the modern materials scientist in the tire and rubber industry is to use materials to improve current products and develop new products. Four key parameters govern this development process ... 

The hydrophilic nature of silica also affects the cure characteristics of rubber compounds, the properties of vulcanized rubber and also the compatibility with non-polar rubber such as natural rubber (NR). Silica retards the vulcanization as it reacts with zinc-accelerator-sulfur complex. These drawbacks can be overcome through the use of silane coupling agents. The most common silane coupling agent used is bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT). A silane... 

Table 7.2 summarizes recent works reported on silica admicellar polymerization of polyisoprene. The silica modified by admicellar polymerization was reported by researchers as having superior performance compared to those reinforced with unmodified silica or silica modified with typical silane coupling agents. Studies also showed that the use of surfactant can influence performance of the rubber composite. ... 

Figure 18.3 TEM of natural rubber containing 20 phr of silica generated before the crosslinking reaction and without the use of a silane coupling agent. (Reproduced from ref. 65 with permission from Elsevier.)...

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