Silane coupling agent epoxy

Keywords Sizing finish adhesion glass fiber silane coupling agent epoxy composite. 

Chloropropyltrimethoxysilane N-Phenylaminopropyltrimethoxy silane coupling agent, epoxy laminates PPG-3 methyl ether... 

Allyl Glycidyl Ether. This ether is used mainly as a raw material for silane coupling agents and epichlorohydrin mbber. Epichlorohydrin mbber is synthesized by polymerizing the epoxy group of epichlorohydrin, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and aHyl glycidyl ether, AGE, with an aluminum alkyl catalyst (36). This mbber has high cold-resistance. 

The addition—reaction product of bisphenol A [80-05-07] and glycidyl methacrylate [106-91-2] is a compromise between epoxy and methacrylate resins (245). This BSI—GMA resin polymerizes through a free-radical induced covalent bonding of methacrylate rather than the epoxide reaction of epoxy resins (246). Mineral fillers coated with a silane coupling agent, which bond the powdered inorganic fillers chemically to the resin matrix, are incorporated into BSI—GMA monomer diluted with other methacrylate monomers to make it less viscous (245). A second monomer commonly used to make composites is urethane dimethacrylate [69766-88-7]. 

Silane coupling agents may contribute hydrophilic properties to the interface, especially when amino functional silanes, such as epoxies and urethane silanes, are used as primers for reactive polymers. The primer may supply much more amine functionality than can possibly react with the resin at the interphase. Those amines that could not react are hydrophilic and, therefore, responsible for the poor water resistance of bonds. An effective way to use hydrophilic silanes is to blend them with hydrophobic silanes such as phenyltrimethoxysilane. Mixed siloxane primers also have an improved thermal stability, which is typical for aromatic silicones [42]. 

Figure 10 Influence of silane coupling agents on the strength of jute reinforced epoxy-resin composites at different moisture contents [12],...

Liquid rubbers In order to improve the flexibihty of short glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, Kaynak et al. [53] modified the epoxy resin matrix with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) liquid mbber. A silane coupling agent was also used to improve the interfacial adhesion between glass fibers and epoxy matrix. However, Humpidge et al. [54] reported some unique processing problems for the resulting pasty mixmres when short textile fibers were incorporated in a hquid mbber medium. 

Injecting epoxy, furan, or furan-formaldehyde resins into poorly consolidated formations to consolidate them was a common sand control practice for thin highly productive formations (44-46). Organic solvents (46) and silane coupling agents (47) are used to promote adhesion of the resin to the rock surface. Excess resin is flushed deeper into the formation to minimize resin hardening in the flow channels since this would reduce formation permeability. 

Figure 13.9 Epoxy-containing silane coupling agents form reactive surfaces that can be used to couple amine-, thiol-, or hydroxyl-containing ligands.

Another highly effect chain extender is trimellitic anhydride (TMA) which gives rise to branching of the PET structure. Note that the multifunctional epoxies (see Table 14.2) react quickly with the terminal carboxylic acid groups of PET but can also react with the film former and the silane coupling agent on glass fibre reinforcements. 

The subject of silane chemistry and its interaction with both glass surface and polymer resins have been studied extensively. Since the silane coupling agent for improving the bond quality has first appeared in the literature (Rochow, 1951), a wide variety of organofunctional silanes has been developed, prominently by Plueddemann and coworkers. An early compilation of this subject for epoxy and polyester matrix composites (Plueddemann et al., 1962, Clark and Plueddemann, 1963 Plueddemann, 1974), and more recent reviews on the use of silane agents and... 

Hoh, K.P., Ishida, H. and Koenig, J.L. (1988). Spectroscopic studies of the gradient in the silane coupling agent/malrix interface in fiber glass-reinforced epoxy. Polym. Composites 9, 151-157. 

Table 2. Wet and recovered direct pull-ofT test adhesion strength values for aluminum/epoxy paint systems employing silane coupling agents 116...

FT-IR has been used to study the nature of the interfacial reactions between epoxies and silane coupling agents in fiber-reinforced composites 36,37). FT-IR has the capabil-... 

J. Kim, K. Lee, K. Lee, J. Bae, J. Yang, and S. Hong, Studies on the thermal stabilization enhancement of ABS synergistic effect of triphenyl phosphate nanocomposite, epoxy resin, and silane coupling agent mixtures, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 79(2) 201-207, 2003. 

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